Programmable Networks SPEEDUP Workshop: Programmable Networks Richard Gold Dr. Georg Carle GMD FOKUS - Competence Center GloNe and Technical University Berlin

Overview  Past –BANG Project: collaboration with Hitachi Japan Programmable Router (GR2000) Mobile Agent Platform  Present –Policy-based Routing Making intelligent routing decisions  Future –Overlay Networks Self-deploying Networks

FOKUS/Hitachi Key Technolgies  Advanced Active Network Platform –Intelligent Mobile Agent Platform –Enhanced ORB Platform with Resource Control Framework (RCF) –Enhanced Network Support: Active QoS Control Modules (DiffServ, Meter access, Multicast Mediation)  Applications –Video streaming (partial ‘hard’ reservation plus filtering) –VPN (policy, QoS, metering) –Multimedia Conferencing (QoS, multicast) –VoIP: association of call-setup signaling, QoS [DiffServ, adaptivity], multicast, metering –End-to-End QoS using IntServ and DiffServ –Active Firewalling

Active Node Architecture Forwarding function (point-to-point, multicast), bandwidth, delay,jitter, info. loss + ANSP Services Open IP Router APIs Active Router (PC) SNMP Intelligent Mobile Agent Platform Services Lightweight Basis ORB - Compact ORB Active Node Facilities (Resource Abstraction Provisioning, Partitioning, Configuration, Management, Security etc.) Enhanced ORB (Real-time & Multicast) API s Distributed Processing Environment (DPE) Active Node Software Platform -ANSP MIB Wrapper Distributed Applications’ Components -IMAs Router Interface Extension Transmission (Network Interface - NIF) Switching / Multiplexing GR 2000 Router Native Computing Environment Router Ctrl Interface within router router control via MIB (ex.Qos-) Hardware Packet Forwarder WP 1.1 Programmmable Router API EE Execution Environment

GR2k GR2k C-Interface GR2k Java-Interface Mobile Agent Platf. AN platform Active Applications Execution Environment … Component Installation Host Manager CCM L - V U P1520 Interfaces => Needed Modules for IP QoS support QoS Active Node Architecture GR 2000 QoS Configuration Filter Configuration Mob. Agent Exten. for AN Enhanced ORB

 AN Platform –active host software –code download –runs the host manager  Components –small programs managing the GR2000 –installed by mobile agents  Host Manager –manages the installation, execution and de-installation of components  Execution Environments –Sandbox for components MA Active Node Architecture

Mobile Agent Platf. Enhanced ORB GR2k GR2k C-Interface Netlink Sockets (Linux QoS) Applications CCM L - V U L + RSVPd (legacy) DiffServ Kernel NIC AN platform Active Programs Extended Active Networking Platform: Needed Modules for Active IP QoS Control Active Node Architecture Mob. Agent Exten. for AN

Programmability  Active code programs using standardized interfaces (additionally to direct access to the router via the GR2k Java/C interfaces)  Interface modules: –Multicast: Membership management (IETF IDMR WG) Mediation (IETF MALLOC WG) –QoS:RSVP (RSVP-API, Traffic Control Interface), DiffServ functionality (Traffic Control Interface, Bandwidth Brokers) –Metering: Access to IP Meter for active applications

 Value-Added IP Active Network Nodes (Active Router, Active Communication Server)  Value-Added IP Service Creation: high-level services (IP Telephony, VPN) require association of several basic IP services  Three level architecture (active [U], programmable [L+], fixed part [L-]) reflects performance vs. flexibility tradeoff  Code distribution: Mobile Agent and DPE platforms  Distinction between node-local and network-wide functionality => Extended network view for active application development and deployment  Transition to a programmable/active network: partial AN deployment with full end-to-end QoS support  Architecture supports legacy software architectures: RSVP implementations, DiffServ on Linux implementation BANG Key Features

 Video on Demand (partial ‘hard’ reservation plus filtering)  VPN (policy, QoS [reservation], metering)  Multimedia Conferencing (QoS [reservation], multicast)  VoIP / IP Telephony: association of call-setup signaling, QoS [DiffServ, adaptivity], multicast, metering  End-to-End QoS using IntServ and DiffServ  Active Firewalling: Fast reactions against attacks Service Creation Examples

Active Applications: Service Creation  Creation of high-level services (Telephony) require association of several basic IP services  Significant performance gains can be achieved when basic IP services are employed in a coordinated way

TIP Lab Private IP Network VGA switch / Monitor Active Internet Lab Twisted pair Fiber/POS Beamer GR2000 Master PC Client PC Router PC Pump PC Layer PC Encoder PC tokyo sapporo Controller kobe osaka Controller kyoto yokohama Controller Router to Internet VGA 100 Mbit/s 155 Mbit/s 100 Mbit/s GMD FOKUS Infrastructure Network FOKUS/Hitachi Testbed at GMD Fokus “Active Internet Lab” hermes

Present: Policy-based Routing  Detour Routing + Peterson’s work on end-to-end media streams  Use Active Nets to deploy intelligence onto edge devices  Make decisions based on metrics/policies concerning how to route a flow through the network  Multiple metrics/policies allow for increased intelligence in the routing decisions that we can take  Programmable Networks provide substrate for introducing informed routing decisions into the network

Present: Policy-based Routing  Current Node Architecture –ANTS Active Network Execution Environment –Openet Programmable Router interface –ABONE Provides virtual topology and packet demultiplexing –Linux v2.4 Kernel & GR2000 Provide flexible routing infrastructure

Application scenario  Re-routing of non-time sensitive application flows SRCPR1PR2DST Active Code Media Flow Routing Table Alterations Redirection LR1

Application Scenario  Re-routing of non-time sensitive application flows SRCPR1PR2DST Media Flow Other Traffic LR1

Future: Overlay Networks  Decentralized systems like Peer-to-Peer applications (Gnutella, FreeNet etc.) have scalability problems  Lack of fixed infrastructure means that infrastructure must be created by the nodes of the overlay network  Provide BGP-like hierarchies and route aggregation for Ad- Hoc Overlay Networks  System also self-organizing: does not require static AS definitions, groups are dynamically created at runtime depending on metrics (delay, hops etc.)  Scales up and down according to number of nodes in the system  Related work: SOAR at UCL, Rendezvous at Washington Uni

Future: Overlay Networks  Proposal: Programmable Networks allow us to make intelligent routing decisions  Problem with tunnelled overlay networks is sub-optimal routing due to routing decision being based on the encapsulating packet header  With Programmable Networks we can make routing decisions based upon the tunnelled packet header  Application-awareness in the network is thus easy to deploy as it just consists of injecting new code onto selective active devices in the network

Conclusions  Programmable Networks consist of intelligent IP router and co- located Active Network platform  Combines the flexibility of Active Networks with the high- performance of a hardware-based router  Past application: Active Loss Concealment (IWAN2000 paper)  Currently we are building a policy-based routing system based upon Programmable Networks  One future direction is the usage of Programmable Networks to steer Overlay Networks (OpenArch’01 paper)