Propagation of the Action Potential The Central Dogma Of Excitable Tissues.

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Presentation transcript:

Propagation of the Action Potential The Central Dogma Of Excitable Tissues

Resting Membranes: Potential: The inside of the cell is negative relative to the outside Na + /K + Pumps: 3:2 exchange keeps more + charges outside Internal Na + runs the pump Membranes generally permeable to K +

QUESTION: If the cell membrane is permeable to K +, And inside of the cell is supposed to have fewer + charges than the outside….

What if…. You bathe excitable tissue (nerves and muscles) in a high K + solution?

Banana-Mongers want to know: The following scenario results: 1. K + passively diffuse into cells 2. The inside becomes more + 3. This “depolarization” cause an Action potential in all excitable cells (ouch!) 4. The cells won’t “repolarize” and no further actions will occur….

Action Potentials: Key Events: Depoloarization 1. Depolarization of membrane to “Threshold” level 2. Threshold “voltage” OPENS Na + channels rapid “flood” of + charges into the cell 3. Causes a Charge Reversal: Depolarization

Time: msec Membrane Potential (inside) mV -65 TH 0 Depolarization RMP Threshold voltage Na + Channels Open

Action Potential: Key Events: Repolarization 1. The new “membrane potential” voltage (+) causes Na + Channels to CLOSE 3. The new voltage causes K + Channels to OPEN 2. Concentration gradient causes K + to DIFFUSES OUT

mV Time Repolarization Na channels CLOSE K channels OPEN K moves OUT Refractory Period

Action Potential FACTS: All or None Principle Refractory Period: During “recovery” from AP, cell cannot be re-stimulated Conduction along membrane is like “dominos” Entire Cell Depolarizes

Signal Propagation 2 Local ion changes cause next cell to depolarize 2 Wave spreads along nerve axon

Myelination & Conduction 2 Myelin sheaths cover nerve except for Nodes of Ranvier 2 At these nodes depolrization currents escape 2 The signal “Jumps” to the next node & causes depolarization 2 Known as “Saltatory Conduction”

Saltatory Conduction Conduction velocity is much faster Medium Myelination: Conduction Velocity = 3-15 m/s Heavy Myelination: m/s

SUMMARY: Negative Resting Potentials are Necessary for Excitable Tissues Depolarization causes an Action Potential when the voltage reaches a “Threshold” voltage and Na+ Channels OPEN

Summary: Continues Repolarization is caused when Na+ Channels CLOSE and voltage gated K+ Channels OPEN allowing K+ to flood out of the cell Refractory Period: short Hyperpolarization when cells cannot be stimulated

ENOUGH! Quiz: Information Through Action Potentials on Wednesday