Microbial Classification Supplemental instruction Designed by Pyeongsug Kim ©2010 Picture from Fall 2010 For Dr. Wright’s Bio 7/27 Class Updated: August 7, 2010

____________ the science of naming and classifying organisms ____________: evolutionary history ____________: the science of classification based on evolutionary history of organisms Taxonomy: Vocabulary to know Phylogeny Systematics Designed by Pyeongsug Kim, ©2010

Designed by Pyeongsug Kim, © Organisms -any living things -animal, plant, fungus, or microbes (protozoa, bacteria, archea..) - Can be classified by Hierarchical classification Picture from

Designed by Pyeongsug Kim, © Organism classification - Hierarchical classification :based on some hierarchical structure -Three major Domains of life -Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus and species *Hierarchy the arrangement of a particular set of ranks or levels. Picture from

Designed by Pyeongsug Kim, © All living things All living things (including microbes) are classified into …. ___ Domains and ___ Kingdoms 36

From Dr. Wright’s Bio42 class

Biological classification Domains and kingdoms- the biggest groups Taxonomy- the science of classification From Dr. Wright’s Bio42 class

“Scientific name!” (Binomial name) 3 Domains - __________________________ 6 Kingdoms ______________________________ Eubacteria, Archaea, & Eukarya Eubacteria, Archaea Plantae, Animalia, Fungi, Protista “Domain, King Philps“ Came Over For Grape Soda.” Designed by Pyeongsug Kim, ©2010

content/uploads/2009/04/greening8.jpg Domain:EuBacteria KingdomEubacteria Phylum:Proteobacteria Class:Gamma Proteobacteria Order:Enterobacteriales Family:Enterobacteriaceae Genus:Escherichia Species:E. coli Escherichia coli (Genus Species) Scientific name: Designed by Pyeongsug Kim, ©2010

Domain Archaea Eubacteria Fungi Plantae Protista Animalia Kingdom Archaea Eubacteria Eukarya Genus (common name) Archaea Bacteria Cyanobacteria H.plyori, E.Coli Oscillatoria, Gram+,- Fungi, Mold Mushrooms Yeast, Penicillium, Rhizopus, Aspergillus….. Moss, flowering plant Pinus, sun flower,….. Algae Protoza Volvox, diatoms,….. Euglena, paramecium…. Vertebrates invertebrates sponges, helminths (worms) Prokaryotes Eukaryotes Designed by Pyeongsug Kim, ©2010

EukaryotesProkaryotes No nucleus DNA in Nucleus 80S ribosomes Cell wall 70S ribosomes Some have cell wall(fungi, plant) Binary fission Non-sexual Mitosis, some do binary fission. Sexual or non-sexual Singcirculr DNA Multiple, linear DNA; histones No membrane-bound organelles membrane-bound organelles Bacteria, Achaea Algae, protozoa, plant, animal, fungi ONLY Unicelluar Uni- or Multicellular Designed by Pyeongsug Kim, ©2010

Comparison of the three domains Characteristic EubacteriaArchaeaEucarya Cell typeProkaryote Eukaryote Cell wall Peptidoglycan Varies Membrane lipids UnbranchedBranchedUnbranched Sensitive to antibiotics? YesNo Circular chromosome? Yes No (except in mitochondria and chloroplasts) Histones?NoYes Dr. Wright’s Bio7/27 class slide

Bacteria Designed by Pyeongsug Kim, © Single cell prokaryotes. -Found everywhere. -Binary fission -Motile(flagella) or non-motile -have various metabolic properties -Peptidoglycan cell wall -No histones -Some cause human diseases. -Lots in human body. Picture from  Unique in bacteria !!!! Scanning electron micrograph 

Archaea Designed by Pyeongsug Kim, © Single cell prokaryotes. -Found everywhere. really like “extreme” environments. extreme temperature, pH, -live in hyperthernal vent, Hot springs.. - have unusual metabolic properties -Cell wall (but not Peptidoglycan) -have histones -Don’t cause disease as known so far. -Methanogens in human body. Picture from

ArchaeaBacteria Designed by Pyeongsug Kim, © Peptidoglycan cell wallCell wall (but not Peptidoglycan) In all environments. Archaea Archaea really like “extreme” environments. extreme temperature, pH, have unusual metabolic properties Domain Bacteria Kingdom Bacteria Domain Archaea Kingdom Archaea No histonesHistones May cause diseaseDon’t cause disease as known so far. In all environments. Methanogens in human body.Lots of bacteria in human body. Prokaryotes

Designed by Pyeongsug Kim, © Eukaryotes; Protists -Single or multiple cellular -Photosynthesis -Cell wall -motile(flagella) or non-motile -”sea weeds” Picture from lhttp://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/A/AbioticSynthesis.htm

Designed by Pyeongsug Kim, © Eukaryotes; Protists -Single or multiple cellular -Non-Photosynthesis -Cell wall -Motile(flagella, cilia) or non-motile Picture from

Designed by Pyeongsug Kim, © Eukaryotes; Fungi -Single or multiple cellular -Non-Photosynthesis -Cell wall -Non-motile -Yeast, mold, mushroom Picture from  Photo by Pyeongsug Kim

______ Nucleic acid (DNA or RNA, but not both) Protein, (some viruses have lipid). Designed by Pyeongsug Kim, © What about What about Virus? Viroids? Prions? Picture from Not fair! They are NOT organisms,(non-living)  termed “agents”  Can’t be classified into any domain or kingdom Virus ______ Nucleic acid (RNA) Plant diseases (as known so far) Viroids ______ Protein Diseases in animals (including humans) “Mad cow disease” Prions