Nuclear weapons Presented by Alex, Meggy and Jonas

Index of contents “Iran and weapons of mass destruction“ “Nuclear Weapons and the United States” “North Korea and the atomic bomb“

“Iran and weapons of mass destruction“ Current situation Iranian attitude Recriminations Effects on the society Effects on the human being

Current situation Iran developing nuclear weapons? Iran signed treaties (e.g. NPT) enriching uranium is legal

Current situation IAEA attested that Iran does not possess nuclear weapons or weapons-grade uraniumIAEA attested that Iran does not possess nuclear weapons or weapons-grade uranium BUT:BUT: Some nuclear technology is dual-use!Some nuclear technology is dual-use! Iran might be able to produce enough uranium for a nuclear weapon by the end of this decadeIran might be able to produce enough uranium for a nuclear weapon by the end of this decade UN passed a resolution in July 2006 that calls on Iran to suspend uranium enrichment but Iran did not follow this demandUN passed a resolution in July 2006 that calls on Iran to suspend uranium enrichment but Iran did not follow this demand

Iranian attitude nuclear programme done for power generation non-peaceful use would violate treaties and religious principles diversification of energy sources necessary: oil fields will be depleted, operating costs for nuclear reactors are relatively low and stable western position is hypocritical Iran has the right to enrich uranium and this should not be offended

Recriminations USA balance of power in middle east will be changed other eastern countries are encouraged to also produce nuclear weapons U.S. Influence will be weakened Assumption: Iran sponsors international terrorism Iran supports islamic militant groups like Hamas and Jihad Iran will attack Israel

Recriminations France nuclear programme is clandestine attempt to develop weapons United Kingdom military intervention and use of nuclear weapons will have desastrous consequences for international security Israel nuclear weapons will be used to destroy Israel Iran maintains a close relationship with Hezbollah

Recriminations - General Palestine will support Iran Iran offered Pakistan 4 billion dollars for the technology of an atom bomb Non-Aligned-Movement (NAM) declared that they support Iran

Effects on the society Iran cancels treaties attack on Iran by USA/Israel under pretence of a preemptive strike military mission necessary to resolve the conflict --> provocation of Iran --> Iranian attack on Israel -->terrorism -->war

Effects on the human being hazards to people and environment from radioactive contamination depend on the nature, level and extent of contamination immediate deaths of approximately 100,000 to 200,000 people cancer, mutation of genetic material, blood circle and immunity system are affected, higher risk for infections, general illness, sterility, stillbirth, loss of hair, internal bleeding, bone marrow is destroyed, organs are severely damaged, water-electrolyte imbalance, delirium, coma, death

“Nuclear Weapons and the United States” America Nuclear Testing Accidents Current Status

America The first country that successfully developed nuclear weapons The only country that has used them against another nation : “Little Boy” : “Fat Man” Maintains an arsenal of about ten thousand warheads to this day

Nuclear Testing Postwar period-U.S. engaged in a nuclear arms race against the Soviet Union Weapons were theoretical, no method was known for successfully igniting a nuclear fusion reaction Nov.1952 “Ivy Mike” (10 megaton) + Feb.1954 “Casle Bravo” (15 megaton) over twice the projected expectations U.S. continued in its path, developing ICBM’s stockpile of weapons increased to over warheads in nuclear tests were conducted

Accidents U.S. suffered from a number of accidents of varying forms In some cases the explosive system of the fission weapons discharged but did not trigger a nuclear chain reaction 11 nuclear warheads are thought to be lost in submarine accidents July 1945: “The Trinity” (yield of around 20 kt) July 1946: Operation Crossroad series May 1951: Operation Greenhouse Oct. 1954: “Castle Bravo” - error in casualation in weather conditions - populations were evacuated but not before suffering radiation burns - number of citizens have sued for compensation of their exposure

Current Status U.S. is one of the five recognized nuclear powers Current arsenal of around intact warheads Few hundred of the B61 bombs are located at eight bases in six European NATO countries

“North Korea and the atomic bomb“ History Current situation Future

History NPT Six-Party-Talks America North Korea

Current Situation October 09, 2006 / The test October 14, 2006 / Resolution 1718 October 17, 2006 / Reaction

Future

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