70-290: MCSE Guide to Managing a Microsoft Windows Server 2003 Environment Chapter 5: Managing File Access

70-290: MCSE Guide to Managing a Microsoft Windows Server 2003 Environment 2 Objectives Identify and understand the differences between the various file systems supported in Windows Server 2003 Create and manage shared folders Understand and configure the shared folder permissions available in Windows Server 2003 Understand and configure the NTFS permissions available in Windows Server 2003

70-290: MCSE Guide to Managing a Microsoft Windows Server 2003 Environment 3 Objectives (continued) Determine the impact of combining shared folder and NTFS permissions Convert partitions and volumes from FAT to NTFS

70-290: MCSE Guide to Managing a Microsoft Windows Server 2003 Environment 4 Windows Server 2003 File Systems Three main file systems File Allocation Table (FAT) FAT32 NTFS Final choice of file system depends on How system will be used Whether there are multiple operating systems Security requirements NTFS is most highly recommended

70-290: MCSE Guide to Managing a Microsoft Windows Server 2003 Environment 5 FAT Used by MS-DOS Supported by all versions of Windows since Traditionally limited to partitions up to 2 GB Windows Server 2003 version supports partitions up to 4 GB Limitations Small partition sizes No file system security features Disk space usage is poor

70-290: MCSE Guide to Managing a Microsoft Windows Server 2003 Environment 6 FAT32 A derivative of the FAT file system Supports partition sizes up to 2 TB Still does not provide advanced security features Cannot configure permissions on file and folder resources

70-290: MCSE Guide to Managing a Microsoft Windows Server 2003 Environment 7 NTFS Introduced with Windows NT operating system Current version (version 5) Windows NT 4.0 Windows 2000 Windows XP Windows Server 2003 Theoretically supports partition sizes of up to 16 Exabytes (EB) Practically supports maximum partition sizes from 2 TB to 16 TB

70-290: MCSE Guide to Managing a Microsoft Windows Server 2003 Environment 8 NTFS (continued) Advantages of NTFS Greater scalability and performance on larger partitions Support for Active Directory on systems configured as domain controllers Ability to configure security permissions on individual files and folders Built-in support for compression and encryption Ability to configure disk quotas for individual users Support for Remote Storage Recovery logging of disk activities

70-290: MCSE Guide to Managing a Microsoft Windows Server 2003 Environment 9 Creating and Managing Shared Folders Shared folder A data resource made available over a network to authorized network clients Specific permissions required for creating, reading, modifying Groups that can create shared folders: Administrators Server Operators Power Users (only on member servers)

70-290: MCSE Guide to Managing a Microsoft Windows Server 2003 Environment 10 Creating and Managing Shared Folders (continued) Several ways to create shared folders Two important methods Windows Explorer Interface Computer Management console Also allows shared folders to be monitored

70-290: MCSE Guide to Managing a Microsoft Windows Server 2003 Environment 11 Using Windows Explorer Used since Windows 95 Can create, maintain, and share folders Folders can be on any drive connected to the computer Folders are shared in Windows Explorer by accessing the Sharing tab of folder’s properties

70-290: MCSE Guide to Managing a Microsoft Windows Server 2003 Environment 12 Using Windows Explorer (continued)

70-290: MCSE Guide to Managing a Microsoft Windows Server 2003 Environment 13 Using Windows Explorer (continued) Shared name of folder does not have to be the actual file name Hand icon used to indicate shared status Shared folders can be hidden from My Network Places and Network Neighborhood Place dollar sign ($) after name, e.g., Salary$ Number of hidden administrative shares created automatically at installation

70-290: MCSE Guide to Managing a Microsoft Windows Server 2003 Environment 14 Using Windows Explorer (continued)

70-290: MCSE Guide to Managing a Microsoft Windows Server 2003 Environment 15 Using Windows Explorer (continued)

70-290: MCSE Guide to Managing a Microsoft Windows Server 2003 Environment 16 Using Computer Management Computer Management console is a pre-defined Microsoft Management Console (MMC) Allows you to share and monitor folders for local and remote computers Allows you to stop sharing if desired

70-290: MCSE Guide to Managing a Microsoft Windows Server 2003 Environment 17 Using Computer Management (continued) Share a Folder Wizard Used to create folders in Shared Folders section of Computer Management Used to provide preconfigured or manual permissions All users have read-only access Administrators have full access; others have read- only access Administrators have full access; others have read and write access Custom share and folder permissions

70-290: MCSE Guide to Managing a Microsoft Windows Server 2003 Environment 18 Monitoring Access to Shared Folders Monitoring involves Who is using shared files What shared files are open at any given time Other functions Disconnect users from a share Send network alert messages Primary monitoring tool is Computer Management

70-290: MCSE Guide to Managing a Microsoft Windows Server 2003 Environment 19 Monitoring Access to Shared Folders (continued)

70-290: MCSE Guide to Managing a Microsoft Windows Server 2003 Environment 20 Managing Shared Folder Permissions A shared folder has a discretionary access control list (DACL) Contains a list of user or group references that have been allowed or denied permissions Each reference is an access control entry (ACE) Accessed from Permissions button on Sharing tab of folder’s properties Permissions only apply to network users, not those logged on directly to local machine

70-290: MCSE Guide to Managing a Microsoft Windows Server 2003 Environment 21 Managing Shared Folder Permissions (continued)

70-290: MCSE Guide to Managing a Microsoft Windows Server 2003 Environment 22 Managing Shared Folder Permissions (continued) To deny access to a user or group Windows Server 2003 does not include No Access share permission Must explicitly deny access to each individually Default permission is read access for Everyone group Should be immediately addressed when a share is created Folder permissions are inherited by all contained objects

70-290: MCSE Guide to Managing a Microsoft Windows Server 2003 Environment 23 NTFS Permissions Resources located on an NTFS partition or volume can be given NTFS permissions An administrator must Know how permissions are applied Standard and special NTFS permissions available How effective permissions are determined

70-290: MCSE Guide to Managing a Microsoft Windows Server 2003 Environment 24 NTFS Permission Concepts NTFS permissions are configured via the Security tab NTFS permissions are cumulative Access denial always overrides permitted access NTFS folder permissions are inherited unless otherwise specified NTFS permissions can be set at file or folder level

70-290: MCSE Guide to Managing a Microsoft Windows Server 2003 Environment 25 NTFS Permission Concepts (continued) A new ACE has default permission Read and Read and Execute for files List Folder Contents for folders Windows Server 2003 has set of standard permissions plus special permissions

70-290: MCSE Guide to Managing a Microsoft Windows Server 2003 Environment 26 NTFS Permission Concepts (continued)

70-290: MCSE Guide to Managing a Microsoft Windows Server 2003 Environment 27 Special NTFS Permissions Can provide more or less access than standard permissions Special permissions accessed from Advanced button in the Security tab on Properties dialog box for resource Permission Entry dialog box enables assignment of permissions and control of inheritance settings

70-290: MCSE Guide to Managing a Microsoft Windows Server 2003 Environment 28 Special NTFS Permissions (continued)

70-290: MCSE Guide to Managing a Microsoft Windows Server 2003 Environment 29 Special NTFS Permissions (continued) Inheritance settings This folder only This folder, subfolders, and files (default) This folder and subfolders This folder and files Subfolders and files only Subfolders only Files only

70-290: MCSE Guide to Managing a Microsoft Windows Server 2003 Environment 30 Special NTFS Permissions (continued)

70-290: MCSE Guide to Managing a Microsoft Windows Server 2003 Environment 31 Special NTFS Permissions (continued)

70-290: MCSE Guide to Managing a Microsoft Windows Server 2003 Environment 32 Determining Effective Permissions Permissions that actually apply to a user can be the result of membership in multiple groups Prior to Windows Server 2003, determining effective permissions was done manually In Windows Server 2003, there is an Effective Permissions tab in Advanced Security Settings dialog box for resource Shows specific permissions for a user or group

70-290: MCSE Guide to Managing a Microsoft Windows Server 2003 Environment 33 Determining Effective Permissions (continued)

70-290: MCSE Guide to Managing a Microsoft Windows Server 2003 Environment 34 Combining Shared Folder and NTFS Permissions NTFS permissions can be combined with share permissions When accessing a share across a network, if both apply, use most restrictive When accessing a file locally, only NTFS permissions apply

70-290: MCSE Guide to Managing a Microsoft Windows Server 2003 Environment 35 Converting a FAT Partition to NTFS For highest security, partitions and volumes should be configured to use NTFS Command-line utility, CONVERT, will convert FAT or FAT32 partitions and volumes to NTFS All existing files and folders are retained CONVERT cannot convert NTFS to FAT or FAT32

70-290: MCSE Guide to Managing a Microsoft Windows Server 2003 Environment 36 Summary Windows Server 2003 supports 3 file systems FAT FAT32 NTFS (preferred) Two types of permissions Shared folder (network only) Tools are Windows Explorer, Computer Management, and NET SHARE command NTFS (local and network) NTFS partitions only

70-290: MCSE Guide to Managing a Microsoft Windows Server 2003 Environment 37 Summary (continued) Permissions Shared folders, 3 standard permissions NTFS, 6 standard and 14 special permissions Permissions are cumulative Effective permissions can be determined from Advanced Security Settings of a resource Shared folder and NTFS permissions can be combined CONVERT utility can convert a FAT or FAT32 partition to the NTFS file system