ETHERNET By:- Introduced By:- Saleh Al-Ghamdi Abdullah Al-Yabis Uthman Al-Amoudi King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals College of Computer Science & Engineering COMPUTER ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

OVERVIEW INTRODUCTION. INTRODUCTION. ETHERNET HISTORY ETHERNET HISTORY ETHERNET NETWORK ELEMENTS. ETHERNET NETWORK ELEMENTS. HOW IT WORKS ? HOW IT WORKS ? ITS STANDARDS &TOPOLOGIES. ITS STANDARDS &TOPOLOGIES. ETHERNET PRODUCTS. ETHERNET PRODUCTS.

INTRODUCTION What is the Network ? What is the Network ? What is LAN ? What is LAN ? What is ETHERNET ? What is ETHERNET ?

ETHERNET HISTORY in the 1970s. in the 1970s. "Ethernet: Distributed Packet-Switching for Local Computer Networks," written by Metcalfe and David Boggs. "Ethernet: Distributed Packet-Switching for Local Computer Networks," written by Metcalfe and David Boggs. IEEE standard IEEE standard

ETHERNET NETWORK ELEMENTS Data terminal equipment (DTE) Data terminal equipment (DTE) Data communication equipment (DCE) Data communication equipment (DCE)

HOW IT WORKS ? A. Media Access Method B. Half- and Full-Duplex Ethernet

Media Access Method  Ethernet uses CSMA/CD protocol to access the physical medium  CSMA/CD helps devices to use the same medium without interference  When two devices transmit at the same time, a collision occurs

Media Access Method CSMA/CD works in the following way: 1. All devices have equal access (multiple access) 2. The device first listen to the medium to see if it is free (carrier sense )  Free: device can transmit  Not Free: device waits a random time & retransmit again

Media Access Method 3. If two devices transmit at the same time, a collision occurs  sending devices:  detect the collision (collision detection)  send a jam signal to notify others 4. Both devices wait a random length of time before resending (back off )

Half- and Full-Duplex Ethernet  Half-Duplex:  defined in the original standard  Uses one pair of wire to send data (both directions )  Uses CSMA/CD to prevent collisions  Not very efficient, especially with high load network (because of collisions)

Half- and Full-Duplex Ethernet  Full-Duplex:  uses two pairs of wires instead of one wire pair like Half-Duplex   point-to-point connection between the transmitter & receiver   faster data transfer rate  no collisions  most importantly, no collisions

ETHERNET STANDARDS Ethernet Ethernet 10Base2(185m) & 10Base5(500m)10Base2(185m) & 10Base5(500m) 10BaseT (Cat3, 4, or 5)10BaseT (Cat3, 4, or 5)  Fast Ethernet  100BaseT4 (100m, Cat5 )  100BaseFX (412m)

ETHERNET STANDARDS Gigabit Ethernet Gigabit Ethernet  1000BaseT (Cat5e)  1000BaseSX (220 to 550 meters )  1000BaseLX (550m ‘ multimode ’, 10 Km ‘ single-mode ’ ) 10 Gigabit Ethernet 10 Gigabit Ethernet  10 GBaseSR(300m)  10 GBaseER (40km)

ETHERNET TOPOLOGIES Point-to-Point Interconnection Point-to-Point Interconnection Coaxial Bus Topology Coaxial Bus Topology Star-Connected Topology Star-Connected Topology

ETHERNET PRODUCTS A. HUBS B. SWITCHES C. Network Interface Card (NIC) D. ROUTERS

A. HUBS A. HUBS Definition can be active … or passive

B. SWITCHES identical to network hubs, but contains more "intelligence" Get the data packets as they are received, determining the source and destination device of that packet

C. Network Interface Card (NIC) allow computers to communicate over a computer network

D. ROUTERS a device that extracts the destination of a packet it receives, selects the best path to that destination, and forwards data packets to the next device along this path