20031 הנדסה פיננסית צבי וינר 02-588-3049.

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Presentation transcript:

20031 הנדסה פיננסית צבי וינר

הנדסה פיננסית 2 השקעות בסיסיות מניות אגחים + הלוואות מטבעות סחורות נדל " ן

הנדסה פיננסית 3 נגזרות פיננסיות אופציות בסיסיות חוזים עתידיים (Forwards and Futures) סוופים (Swaps) אופציות אקזוטיות סטרקצ ' ורים (structured products)

הנדסה פיננסית 4 אופציה רכש אירופית אופציה נכס בסיס K

הנדסה פיננסית 5 אופציה K אופציית מכר אירופית נכס בסיס K

20036 אופציות ברירה צבי וינר

הנדסה פיננסית 7 אופציית ברירה לקוח מפקיד 100 ₪ היום ומקבל בסוף שנה את המקסימום בין הצמדה לדולר + ריבית דולרית לבין הצמדה לאירו + ריבית אירו. איך הבנק צריך לגדר את התוכנית ?

הנדסה פיננסית 8 אופציית ברירה נגדיר : שער הדולר ביום t A t שער האירו ביום tB t ריבית דולרית מובטחת R A ריבית אירו מובטחת R B כמות דולרים מובטחת Q A כמות אירו מובטחת Q B

הנדסה פיננסית 9 אופציית ברירה

הנדסה פיננסית 10 תשלום מובטח בפדיון משקיע אמריקאי

הנדסה פיננסית 11

הנדסה פיננסית 12 תשלום בפדיון בדולרים שווי היום בדולרים

הנדסה פיננסית 13 שווי היום בדולרים שווי היום בשקלים

הנדסה פיננסית 14 ברירה עם משקולות שני מסלולים X, Y כאשר התשלום הסופי מחושב לפי לדוגמה מסלולים : צמוד דולר + 1 % אן צמוד מדד + 3%. התשלום 70% של המסלול הטוב ביותר, פלוס 30 % של המסלול הפחות טוב.

הנדסה פיננסית 15 ברירה עם משקולות

הנדסה פיננסית 16 Currency Options Standard 1 year investments 2.5% linked to USD 3.5% linked to EUR Option A: you get maximum of 0.5% linked to USD or 1.5% linked to EUR Option B: you get minimum of 5.0% linked to USD or 6.5% linked to EUR.

הנדסה פיננסית 17 Source: J. Siegel, (IRWIN)

הנדסה פיננסית 18 Standard Investments Stock S Bond 1+r 1 1 Probability distribution value

הנדסה פיננסית 19 Portfolio % Stock S 50% Bond portfolio Trade off value

הנדסה פיננסית 20 Various Portfolios S portfolio 11+r portfolio portfolio Probability distribution value

הנדסה פיננסית 21 VITUR S K pricing value

הנדסה פיננסית 22 Collar S K F K C F C value

הנדסה פיננסית 23 Examples NDX $ % 100%

הנדסה פיננסית 24 TA-25, 3 years VITUR (example) TA25 K VITUR FloorVITUR 0%40% 5%50% 9%60% 12%70% value

הנדסה פיננסית 25 TA-25, 3 years VITUR (example) TA25 value Linear strategy VITUR 1.08

הנדסה פיננסית 26 TA 25, 3 years collar example TA25 K F K C F C F C FloorCap 0%50% 5%40% 9%35% 12%30% value

הנדסה פיננסית 27 Tailored Loan with Collateral Firm B has shares of firm C of value $100M. They do not want to sell the shares, but need money (70-90M for 3 years). Moreover, they would like to decrease the exposure to financial risk. How can it be done?

הנדסה פיננסית 28 Collar צווארון = payoff K 90 K מניה

הנדסה פיננסית 29 Collar צווארון = payoff K 90 K מניה הלוואה זולה

הנדסה פיננסית 30 S 90% % 100% Collar צווארון = 3 שנים, ריבית 6 %, ריצפה 90%  = 10%, cap (K) = 62%  = 20%, cap (K) = 69%  = 30%, cap (K) = 77%

הנדסה פיננסית 31 Swaps Exchange of cashflows: IR swaps currency swaps Amortizing swaps Total return swaps Credit default swaps Asset swaps

הנדסה פיננסית 32 Global Derivatives Markets 1999 IR contracts60,091 FRAs6,775 Swaps43,936 Options9,380 FX contracts14,344 Forwards9,593 Swaps2,444 Options2,307 Equity-linked contr.1,809 Forw. and swaps283 Options 1,527 Commodity contr.548 Others11,408 OTC Instruments $88T Exchange traded $13.5T IR contracts11,669 Futures7,914 Options3,756 FX contracts59 Futures37 Options22 Stock-index contr.1,793 Futures 334 Options 1,459 Source BIS World GDP in 99 = 30,000B All stocks and bonds = 70,000 Liquidation value = 2,800B

הנדסה פיננסית 33 Global Derivatives Markets 2001 IR contracts77,513 FRAs7,737 Swaps58,897 Options10,879 FX contracts16,748 Forwards10,336 Swaps3,942 Options2,470 Equity-linked contr.1,881 Forw. and swaps320 Options 1,561 Commodity contr.598 Others14,375 OTC Instruments $111T Exchange traded $23.5T IR contracts21,614 Futures9,137 Options12,477 FX contracts89 Futures66 Options23 Stock-index contr.1,838 Futures 295 Options 1,543 Source BIS

הנדסה פיננסית 34 Interest Rate Swaps: Concept An agreement between 2 parties to exchange periodic payments calculated on the basis of specified interest rates and a notional amount. Plain Vanilla Swap AB Fixed rate Floating rate Based on a presentation of Global Risk Strategy Group of Deutsche Bank

הנדסה פיננסית 35 IRS In a standard IRS, one leg consists of fixed rate payments and the other depends on the evolution of a floating rate. Typically long dated contracts: 2-30 years Sometimes includes options, amortization, etc. Interest compounded according to different conventions (eg 30/360, Act/Act. Act/360, etc.)

הנדסה פיננסית 36 IRS Origins AAA wants to borrow in floating and BBB wants to borrow in fixed. FixedFloating AAA7.00%LIBOR+5bps BBB8.50%LIBOR+85bps difference1.5%0.8% Net differential 70bps = 0.7%

הנדסה פיננסית 37 Comparative Advantage Cost of funds for AAA=Libor - 40bp (45bps saved) Cost of funds for BBB=8.25% (25bps saved) Swap rate = 7.40% Swap rate is the fixed rate which is paid against receiving Libor. AAA BBB Libor 7.4% 7.0%Libor+85bp

הנדסה פיננסית 38 Reverse Floater USD 5 year interest rates are 5%, however short term interest rates are Libor =2%. Libor = London Interbank offered rate on Bloomberg see FWCV + currency One can construct so-called reverse floater:

הנדסה פיננסית 39 Reverse Floater Years bond loan L 0 -L 1 -L 2 -L L 4 Reverse Fl L 1 10-L 2 10-L L 4 bond

הנדסה פיננסית 40 Callable Principal Protected Note SP500 (monthly average of the 5 th year) Maturity 5 years Floor 100% in USD terms Profit participation 100% Callable at 110%, 120%, 130%, 140% Probability to be called above 80%

הנדסה פיננסית 41 Periodic Cap + Global Floor 3 year contract guaranteed return to the investment (e.g. 110%) linkage to a liquid index (e. g. S&P, TA-25) average of capped quarterly returns is the upside (e.g. 8%) very high upside (96% in the example) with guaranteed profit

Non-recourse loan צבי וינר

הנדסה פיננסית 43 Non-recourse loan A loan with collateral but NO residual claims! This means that at worst one can take the collateral but no other assets can be used to fulfill the original schedule.

הנדסה פיננסית 44 Non-recourse loan collateral Payoff to borrower (1+R) T

הנדסה פיננסית 45 Non-recourse subordinated loan collateral Payoff debt Loan 1 Loan 2

הנדסה פיננסית 46 Basic Structures Step up bonds Principal protected notes Callable structures Equity linked notes Ranges Quantos CDO Swaps (FX, IR, credit)

הנדסה פיננסית 47 Risks Business Risk Financial Risk – market risk – credit risk – liquidity risk Operational Risk – technology – people – external events Legal Risk Measure Protect Measure Protect

ESOP צבי וינר

הנדסה פיננסית 49 Long term options payoff k K stock 50 K Sell a call Your option Result

הנדסה פיננסית 50 Example You have 10,000 vested options for 10 years with strike $5, while the stock is traded at $10. An immediate exercise will give you $50,000 before tax. Selling a (covered) call with strike $15 will give you $60,000 now (assuming interest rate 6% and 50% volatility) and additional profit at the end of the period!

הנדסה פיננסית 51 Example payoff K Your option Result 60 exercise