XMM EPIC MOS Andy Read EPIC BOC meeting Mallorca, 08/04/08 XRT Point Spread Function Andy Read

XMM EPIC MOS Andy Read EPIC BOC meeting Mallorca, 08/04/08 2-D PSFs – ‘MEDIUM’ mode – Images – fn( instr, E, theta, phi ) – used in SAS source-searching (generated from SCISIM) 1-D PSFs – ‘EXTENDED’ mode – King profile (r0, alpha) – fn(instr, E, theta) – used in ARF generation/spectral fitting for circular, annular or box regions also… ‘HIGH’ mode – 3-gaussian parametrisation of MEDIUM mode maps. Used in arfgen for irregular shapes or ellipses, etc. Problems with energy dependency ‘LOW’ mode – 1 gaussian, not used anywhere CCF PSFs that are used in SAS:

XMM EPIC MOS Andy Read EPIC BOC meeting Mallorca, 08/04/08 2-D PSFs – ‘MEDIUM’ mode – Images – fn( instr, E, theta, phi ) – used in SAS source-searching (generated from SCISIM) CCF PSFs that are used in SAS: Images for each instrument at various E and Off-axis angle – presently all SCISIM-generated, simple, and all the same for each instrument

XMM EPIC MOS Andy Read EPIC BOC meeting Mallorca, 08/04/08 Energy Off-axis angle PN 2XMMp source list - select M1, M2, PN point sources that have large numbers of counts, are below pile-up limit, cover full range in off-axis angle (~200 obs) – create calibrated event lists Clean event files (high-BG, out-FOV etc.), extract source, reject bad fields, create source images (all E-bands, all instruments), subtract other sources, detector-rotate, Gaussian re-centre Stack good images together for each instrument (3) E-band (8) off-axis angle (6) - clean, BG- subtract stacked images, re-normalize, create CCF-like files EPIC PSF : Determining the on- and off-axis 2-D PSF (last meeting) Improvements in source-detection for bright on- and off-axis sources Blue: current CCFs Green: New 2-D PSFs

XMM EPIC MOS Andy Read EPIC BOC meeting Mallorca, 08/04/08

XMM EPIC MOS Andy Read EPIC BOC meeting Mallorca, 08/04/08 ‘H’ Energy Off-axis angle M1

XMM EPIC MOS Andy Read EPIC BOC meeting Mallorca, 08/04/08 ‘H’ Energy Off-axis angle M2

XMM EPIC MOS Andy Read EPIC BOC meeting Mallorca, 08/04/08 ‘H’ Energy Off-axis angle PN

XMM EPIC MOS Andy Read EPIC BOC meeting Mallorca, 08/04/08 H Histogram of Ratio of Source counts Current CCF/AMR CCF (i.e. if both CCF and AMR correct [or both equally wrong], should be ~1) AMR values larger Histogram of Ratio of Source flux Current CCF/AMR CCF AMR values larger GL says that AMR images working well/better than current CCF H

XMM EPIC MOS Andy Read EPIC BOC meeting Mallorca, 08/04/08 Shape non-rotation is not just M2! (just more obvious in M2) All EPIC instruments behave in a similar way! More later…. MOS2

XMM EPIC MOS Andy Read EPIC BOC meeting Mallorca, 08/04/08

XMM EPIC MOS Andy Read EPIC BOC meeting Mallorca, 08/04/08

XMM EPIC MOS Andy Read EPIC BOC meeting Mallorca, 08/04/08 Use AMR-created azimuthally-stacked 2-D PSF real-data images (for each instrument, energy, off-axis angle) Use CIAO-Sherpa to fit elliptical profile (beta2d) to images Elliptical parameters (core radius, alpha, ellipticity), obtained for each instrument, energy, off-axis angle CCF files produced (RDS) with new ELLBETA PSF CCF extension Numbers/trends/problems currently being reviewed (improvements made… [see later]) To be used in arfgen… New CCF PSF – ELLBETA – Elliptical parametrization of the 2-D PSF

XMM EPIC MOS Andy Read EPIC BOC meeting Mallorca, 08/04/08

XMM EPIC MOS Andy Read EPIC BOC meeting Mallorca, 08/04/08 New ELLBETA PSF in CCF R 0 α ell.

XMM EPIC MOS Andy Read EPIC BOC meeting Mallorca, 08/04/08 Properties of ELLBETA elliptical parameters: Variation of r0, alpha, ellipticity with energy and off-axis angle MOS1 AMR-H PSF (2-D, real data) (last meeting)

XMM EPIC MOS Andy Read EPIC BOC meeting Mallorca, 08/04/08 Properties of ELLBETA elliptical parameters: Variation of r0, alpha, ellipticity with energy and off-axis angle MOS2 AMR-G PSF (2-D, real data, [stretch-stacked]) (last meeting)

XMM EPIC MOS Andy Read EPIC BOC meeting Mallorca, 08/04/08 Properties of ELLBETA elliptical parameters: Variation of r0, alpha, ellipticity with energy and off-axis angle PN AMR-H PSF (2-D, real data) (last meeting)

XMM EPIC MOS Andy Read EPIC BOC meeting Mallorca, 08/04/08 CCFs, XRT1_XPSF_008, XRT2_XPSF_008, XRT3_PSF_007 made with ELLBETA model Numbers under review at LU + arfgen/EE testing (RDS/AMR) Re-stacking, cleaning and re-fitting leads to improvements and smoother functions at high-E, high-theta Low- & medium-energy EE values look very sensible/consistent e.g. EE at medium/high E should (theoretically) be higher than at low E Still more refinements needed? EE too high at v.high E? Looking into this Status Energy (eV)Radius (arcsec)EE (ELLBETA)EE (EXTENDED) %79.7% % %77.3%

XMM EPIC MOS Andy Read EPIC BOC meeting Mallorca, 08/04/08

XMM EPIC MOS Andy Read EPIC BOC meeting Mallorca, 08/04/08 The 2-D PSF GX ( )

XMM EPIC MOS Andy Read EPIC BOC meeting Mallorca, 08/04/08 The 2-D PSF The star-like pattern – the ‘spokes’ – is created by the spider which supports the 58 co-axial Wolter I mirrors of the telescope

XMM EPIC MOS Andy Read EPIC BOC meeting Mallorca, 08/04/08 Energy Off-axis angle PN EPIC PSF : Determining the on- and off-axis 2-D PSF Spokes in stacked images have been lost …

XMM EPIC MOS Andy Read EPIC BOC meeting Mallorca, 08/04/08 In PA-corrected DET space, the spokes are not rotated, and keep the same orientation for all EPIC 16 main spokes 22.5° apart (360/16) Offset of 11.25° (22.5/2) i.e. Same effect as MOS2 ‘triangle’ – ‘shape’ is not rotated

XMM EPIC MOS Andy Read EPIC BOC meeting Mallorca, 08/04/08 Observed spokes are actually due to the gaps between the spider legs, not the legs themselves, which are coincident with the secondary spikes and the dark lanes. Without the spider you would see uniform scattering wings without the radial gaps. Also, some strange, very small misalignments…?

XMM EPIC MOS Andy Read EPIC BOC meeting Mallorca, 08/04/08 Dark lanes? Shadowing must be due to the electron deflector arms which mirror the spider and are mounted after the rear aperture. Secondary spokes? Due to scattering at a small level from the sides of the spider legs.

XMM EPIC MOS Andy Read EPIC BOC meeting Mallorca, 08/04/08 Tangential (Meridional) Plane Sagittal Plane Meridional and Sagittal Plane Definitions Tangential (Meridional) plane defined by optical axis and chief ray Sagittal plane: perpendicular to the tangential plane and contains chief ray Definitions Tangential (Meridional) plane defined by optical axis and chief ray Sagittal plane: perpendicular to the tangential plane and contains chief ray Optical Axis y x p p x y Field Point Axis Point Object Plane Pupil Plane Meridional Marginal Ray Meridional Marginal Ray Chief Ray Sagittal Ray Axis Ray As you go off-axis the spokes in the tangential direction remain but those in the radial direction get fainter or disappear. As you go off-axis the X-rays are not coming from the full annular aperture of the mirrors. They are confined to the sagittal plane (tangential) rather than the meridional plane (radial). The spokes in the radial direction will disappear at a lower off-axis angle for the higher photon energies (because of the grazing angles).

XMM EPIC MOS Andy Read EPIC BOC meeting Mallorca, 08/04/08 Model : Ellipse (PA-rotated, PA-stretched) plus (PA-dependent) cosine-filtered, non- stretched, non-rotated spokes

XMM EPIC MOS Andy Read EPIC BOC meeting Mallorca, 08/04/08 Model : (Ellipse plus spokes) Includes main (16) spokes and secondary (16) spokes

XMM EPIC MOS Andy Read EPIC BOC meeting Mallorca, 08/04/08 List of variable parameters in ’07 model Main ellipse [PA-rotated, PA-stretched] Ro, alpha, ellipticity (fn: Instr, Energy, Theta, … Phi?) Spokes [non-rotated, non-stretched, strength-filtered (PA-dependent)] Ro, alpha, width (ellipticity), strength wrt main ellipse Secondary spokes – same considerations, plus strength wrt primary spokes Phi-dependence of strength (e.g. cosine-filtering? Plus S-M asymmetry) But some/all of these parameters may vary w.r.t. e.g. Instr (e.g. M2), Energy, Theta, (Phi)… (plus also Source strength?...) Is there constant spoke-to-main behaviour (and constant secondary spoke-to- primary spoke behaviour)?... Yes (last talk) Some ‘fixed’ parameters? spoke angles (primary & secondary) and offsets However, no single specific example(s?) to fit model to…?

XMM EPIC MOS Andy Read EPIC BOC meeting Mallorca, 08/04/08 Spoke-to-Core behaviour: How does the spoke strength vary with: Source strength (Main peak intensity)? Energy? Slope remains constant with Energy (~2/330)

XMM EPIC MOS Andy Read EPIC BOC meeting Mallorca, 08/04/08 How to move forward? – I (older – last talk) Can’t fill CCF with images for each Instr, Energy, Theta & Phi Don’t have the images/stats to create all image PSFs (need several good, clean, bright, broad-E, non-piled-up sources at all detector positions) CCF files would be Nphi (several 10’s) times larger than at present (& PSF CCF files are already very large indeed) Could have CCF libraries of the 2 components: i.e. Main & Spokes Main - Ro, alpha, ellipticity (fn: Instr, Energy, Theta, … Phi?) Present MEDIUM CCF images, or better still, images created from new ELLBETA? Spokes - Ro, alpha, width (ellipticity), strength wrt main ellipse (fn: ??) New images (non-filtered?) Within the source-searching (or other?) analysis (e.g. in CAL/emldetect): Retrieve (or create?) relevant Main & Spokes images Need to PA-rotate Main and strength-filter Spokes (PA-dependant, plus asymmetric S-M), scale each, and combine.

XMM EPIC MOS Andy Read EPIC BOC meeting Mallorca, 08/04/08 How to move forward? – II (simpler, newer – not best) Stacked images in general work well in emldetect (GL) Can model these images (and have done - ELLBETA) Can create idealized images from these models (ellimage) These however have a smeared azimuthal dependence (created from several sources at different azimuths) [sums to ~elllimage] Need to (in CAL/CCF/emldetect): choose the correct ellimage (instrument, off-axis angle, energy) rotate the ellimage for the detector position of the source (and PA) ‘add in’ the azimuthal (spoke etc.) dependence (PA-dependant) e.g. 1) add in a sum-to-zero spoke image

XMM EPIC MOS Andy Read EPIC BOC meeting Mallorca, 08/04/08 Procedure created to take an image (e.g. spokes, left) and convert this to an image such that the radial profile is zero – In each radial bin, the average value is subtracted from each individual pixel value

XMM EPIC MOS Andy Read EPIC BOC meeting Mallorca, 08/04/08 Radial profiles: (10 6 added to zero- image [right] for clarity)

XMM EPIC MOS Andy Read EPIC BOC meeting Mallorca, 08/04/08 How to move forward? – II (new, simpler – better) Stacked images in general work well in emldetect (GL) Can model these images (and have done - ELLBETA) Can create idealized images from these models (ellimage) These however have a smeared azimuthal dependence (created from several sources at different azimuths) [sums to ~elllimage] Need to (in CAL/CCF/emldetect): choose the correct ellimage (instrument, off-axis angle, energy) rotate the ellimage for the detector position of the source (and PA) ‘add in’ the azimuthal (spoke etc.) dependence (PA-dependant) e.g. Filter the ellimage azimuthally, retaining overall profile, and including correct angles, offsets etc!

XMM EPIC MOS Andy Read EPIC BOC meeting Mallorca, 08/04/08 How to move forward? – III (simplest, newest – best) Stacked images in general work well in emldetect (GL) Can model these images (and have done - ELLBETA) Can create idealized images from these models (ellimage) These however have a smeared azimuthal dependence (created from several sources at different azimuths) [sums to ~zero] Need to (in CAL/CCF/emldetect): choose the correct ellimage (instrument, off-axis angle, energy) rotate the ellimage for the detector position of the source (and PA) ‘add in’ the azimuthal (spoke etc.) dependence (PA-dependant) e.g. 2) Filter the ellimage azimuthally, retaining overall profile, and including correct angles, offsets etc!

XMM EPIC MOS Andy Read EPIC BOC meeting Mallorca, 08/04/08 Filtering: cosine

XMM EPIC MOS Andy Read EPIC BOC meeting Mallorca, 08/04/08 Filtering: top hat

XMM EPIC MOS Andy Read EPIC BOC meeting Mallorca, 08/04/08 Filtering: part top hat, part no filtering

XMM EPIC MOS Andy Read EPIC BOC meeting Mallorca, 08/04/08 Filtering: Part triangular, part no filtering

XMM EPIC MOS Andy Read EPIC BOC meeting Mallorca, 08/04/08 Flat-Topped Triangular Function spoke 22.5° Estimated (from the data) widths of various components Profile needs to be such that no change is introduced to the full (360°) radial profile – i.e. areas need to cancel out This azimuthal function is now used

XMM EPIC MOS Andy Read EPIC BOC meeting Mallorca, 08/04/08 General Azimuthal Dependency What causes the MOS2 effect? Certain (sets of) MOS2 mirror shells are not perfectly circular?

XMM EPIC MOS Andy Read EPIC BOC meeting Mallorca, 08/04/08 PN

XMM EPIC MOS Andy Read EPIC BOC meeting Mallorca, 08/04/08 MOS1

XMM EPIC MOS Andy Read EPIC BOC meeting Mallorca, 08/04/08 MOS2

XMM EPIC MOS Andy Read EPIC BOC meeting Mallorca, 08/04/08 MOS2 (‘h’ - shape conserved, stretch randomized) Θ = 0 ´ Strong effect! (45%) 3-peaked cosine function fits well (peaks at 50°, 170°, 290°) 45% of mean

XMM EPIC MOS Andy Read EPIC BOC meeting Mallorca, 08/04/08 MOS2 (‘h’ - shape conserved, stretch randomized) Θ = 3 ´

XMM EPIC MOS Andy Read EPIC BOC meeting Mallorca, 08/04/08 MOS2 (‘h’ - shape conserved, stretch randomized) Θ = 6 ´

XMM EPIC MOS Andy Read EPIC BOC meeting Mallorca, 08/04/08 MOS2 (‘h’ - shape conserved, stretch randomized) Θ = 9 ´

XMM EPIC MOS Andy Read EPIC BOC meeting Mallorca, 08/04/08 MOS2 (‘h’ - shape conserved, stretch randomized) Θ = 12 ´ Effect still visible/constant, even though random off-axis stretching is present

XMM EPIC MOS Andy Read EPIC BOC meeting Mallorca, 08/04/08 MOS2 (‘h’ - shape conserved, stretch randomized) Θ = 15 ´ Effect lost – individual very stretched examples now dominating

XMM EPIC MOS Andy Read EPIC BOC meeting Mallorca, 08/04/08 MOS1 (‘h’ - stretch stacked [no shape change]) Θ = 0 ´ Flat profile – no effect

XMM EPIC MOS Andy Read EPIC BOC meeting Mallorca, 08/04/08 MOS1 (‘h’ - stretch stacked [no shape change]) Θ = 3 ´

XMM EPIC MOS Andy Read EPIC BOC meeting Mallorca, 08/04/08 MOS1 (‘h’ - stretch stacked [no shape change]) Θ = 6 ´ Peaks coming in at 90° & 270°, due to stacked stretch effect. (MOS2 cosine effect shown for comparison)

XMM EPIC MOS Andy Read EPIC BOC meeting Mallorca, 08/04/08 MOS1 (‘h’ - stretch stacked [no shape change]) Θ = 9 ´

XMM EPIC MOS Andy Read EPIC BOC meeting Mallorca, 08/04/08 MOS1 (‘h’ - stretch stacked [no shape change]) Θ = 12 ´

XMM EPIC MOS Andy Read EPIC BOC meeting Mallorca, 08/04/08 MOS1 (‘h’ - stretch stacked [no shape change]) Θ = 15 ´ Very strong peaks at 90° & 270°, due to stacked stretch effect.

XMM EPIC MOS Andy Read EPIC BOC meeting Mallorca, 08/04/08 PN (‘h’ - stretch stacked [no shape change]) Θ = 15 ´ Very strong peaks at 90° & 270°, due to stacked stretch effect.

XMM EPIC MOS Andy Read EPIC BOC meeting Mallorca, 08/04/08 Energy Off-axis angle M2

XMM EPIC MOS Andy Read EPIC BOC meeting Mallorca, 08/04/08 Example final PSFs : ‘Vela PSR’ Individual E-band (8) images formed from ELLBETA parameters – (rotated to correct source angle on detector) – azimuthally spoke-filtered using flat-topped triangular function (0.18/0.18) – images stacked, weighted by counts in particular E-bands – MOS2 image further cosine-filtered (45%, 50/170/290). (Something essentially the same would take place within emldetect/CAL) MOS1MOS2

XMM EPIC MOS Andy Read EPIC BOC meeting Mallorca, 08/04/08 Energy (keV) Rel. Norm Example final PSFs : ‘Vela PSR’ Relative normalizations by counts in particular E-bands :

XMM EPIC MOS Andy Read EPIC BOC meeting Mallorca, 08/04/08 Elliptical image created from ELLBETA parameters Another example : MOS2 Energy:1.5 keV Off-axis angle: 9 ´ Source phi: 30° Image rotated to source angle on detector Image azimuthally spoke-filtered using flat- topped triangular function MOS2: image further cosine-filtered