Helping Behavior, Bystanders, and Compliance Gaining.

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Understanding Bystanderism
Advertisements

UNIT 5 WHY DO PEOPLE HELP EACH OTHER?
SELF FULFILLING PROPHECY We become what people expect us to become … and so a negative belief predicts a negative behaviour If a teacher thinks you will.
SELF FULFILLING PROPHECY Negative beliefs predict negative behaviour If a teacher thinks you will fail in an exam you probably will!
A Practical and Easy Guide to Preventing Loss Retailers Association of MA Loss Prevention Committee.
The Social Approach  Altruism has been defined as behaviour intended to help others having NO benefit to ourselves.
ESOL Nexus Police emergency NB: Alt+TAB or ALT F4!
SOCIAL INFLUENCE: HOW DO GROUPS INFLUENCE AN INDIVIDUAL’S BEHAVIOR? AP Psychology Chapter 18.
Social Approach Background to study Core Study 3: Piliavin (1969)
Factors Influencing Reluctance to Help.
A look at bystander intervention and diffusion of responsibility. Project by Bryce Monser.
A Question A woman is being brutally attacked in the street where she lives. She screams for help. 38 of her neighbours witness the attack,
Prosocial Behavior What is Prosocial Behavior? Why do We Help? When do We Help? Who is Most Likely to Help? Whom do We Help?
Lecture Prosocial Behavior. What is Prosocial Behavior? When do We Help? Why do We Help? Who is Most Likely to Help? Whom do We Help?
Ch 10: Helping Behaviors Part 2: Nov. 14, Situational Influences on Helping Effect of crowds: The Bystander Effect – Research on this began w/Kitty.
Ch 10: Helping Behaviors Part 2: Nov. 10, Situational Influences on Helping Effect of crowds: The Bystander Effect – Research on this began w/Kitty.
Chapter 12 – Helping Behaviors April 20. Altruism Motivation to help others without concern over your well-being. Why do we do it? Theories: –1) Social.
Slide 1. Nonverbal communication is powerful 65-95% of emotional meaning is carried via nonverbal channels. When verbal and nonverbal channels contradict,
Helping Behavior, Bystanders, and Compliance Gaining.
HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS.
Study of the day Responding to leaders (Butler & Geis, 1990)
Social Psychology n How does society influence your behavior?
In attempting to understand bystander intervention -- why people may or may not intervene as a bystander to an emergency situation in a public place with.
Cognitive demands of hands-free- phone conversation while driving Professor : Liu Student: Ruby.
Chapter 9 - Prosocial Behavior
Chapter 12 Helping Behavior. Definitions Altruism means helping someone when there is no expectation of a reward (except for feeling that one has done.
Experimental Psychology PSY 433 Chapter 13 Social Psychology.
Chapter 10 Social Psychology Title: To Help or Not to Help Authors: J.M. Darley and B. Latane (1968) Presented by Kelley Reinhardt May 5, 2004.
In the opening sequence the audience and introduced to the main characters and its made quite clear who the antagonist and protagonist are. We see typical.
Lecture 22: Observational Research. Benefits Generalizability : Observe behavior passively as it occurs in a natural environment – Behavior reflects the.
listening David: What’s it like living in England, Terry? Terry: well, I’m having a great time. But I sometimes have difficulty understanding what people.
Chapter 11 Helping and Altruism. Chapter Outline  Motivation to Help Others  Characteristics of the Needy That Foster Helping  Normative Factors in.
Modifying pedestrian behaviour 學生:董瑩蟬. Purpose This paper investigated the traffic signal add timer which effect pedestrian crossing behavior or not.
Altruism & Bystanders Prosocial behaviour Altruistic behaviour Bystander behaviour
Altruism: Lecture #9 topics  Why do we help?  evolutionary & motivational factors  When do we help?  situational factors  Who do we help?  interpersonal.
Helping Behavior. Prosocial Behavior Prosocial behavior - any behavior that helps another person, whether the underlying motive is self-serving or selfless.
Evaluation Question 1 In what ways does your media product use, develop or challenge the forms and conventions of real media products?
Experimental Psychology PSY 433 Chapter 13 Social Psychology (Cont.)
Objective 1.4: Examine factors that influence bystanderism
Social Psychology. Social Psychology can be defined as a branch of psychology that studies individuals in the social context. In other words, it is the.
1 Bystander effect Learning lite. 2 Why would we think about the Bystander Effect? Understanding the Bystander effect, what it is and why it happens enables.
 Emergency Situations: Bystander Behaviour (handout)
TYPES OF HELPING 1)LONG VERSUS SHORT-TERM HELPING 2)DIRECT VERSUS INDIRECT (COSTS) 3)BEHAVIORAL, EMOTIONAL, OR INFORMATIONAL EXAMPLES: A)SHORT-TERM, DIRECT,
One reason why bystanders do not help is called diffusion of responsibility: “If other people are around, they too, and not only me, are responsible to.
Many Helpers or Just One Kitty Genovese Incident Does the Situation Matter? Good Samaritan Study.
 In the past instead of dating, couples courted.  Courtship is all about looking for a marital partner.
 You are driving along a deserted country road and you notice that a car has slid across the shoulder and into a ditch. An elderly man is standing next.
NEVER BELIEVE THAT A FEW CARING PEOPLE CAN’T CHANGE THE WORLD. FOR, INDEED, THAT’S ALL WHO EVER HAD. Margaret Mead.
Introduction to Psychology Social Psychology. The study of how we behave, think, and feel in social situations How the situation shapes our behavior.
Look at the image below…what do you think is happening in the photo? The photo shows a female Sudanese toddler, alone and severely emaciated, attempting.
Examples of Diffusion of Responsibility and Bystander Effect Latané and Darley, 1968 Latané and Darley, 1968 –Cubicles with sounds of severe choking –Only.
Ch 12: Helping Pt 2: Apr. 27, Situational factors influence helping – – Effect of crowds: The Bystander Effect Kitty Genovese murder in 1964 in.
Explanations of crime The Self-fulfilling prophecy.
Piliavin Social Psychology Core Studies. Background Bystander - Anyone who is present at an incident but not directly involved. Bystander effect – the.
Let’s review yesterday’s phrases. 1.play the piano 2.watch video tapes 3.make a dress 4.ride a motorbike 5.review lessons 6.learn Russian 7.read a novel.
Social Psychology: How individuals are influenced by others.
SOCIAL BEHAVIOR Social psychologists are interested in 2 extremes of human behavior: altruism and aggression.
SHHS Disaster Planning Information To prepare students for responding to an emergency situation.
Introduction Are people by nature helpful?
AS Psychology The Core studies
Piliavin et al. (1969) Good Samaritanism: An underground phenomenon?
RECAP Whiteboard relay… Outline and evaluate Milgram’s original obedience study (12)
How Do People Behave in Crowds?
Experimental Psychology PSY 433
Diffusion of Responsibility
Bystander Effect occurs when the presence of others discourages an individual from intervening in an emergency situation Social psychologists Bibb Latané.
Social Influence So what is confomity?’
80.1 – Identify the times when people are the most – and least – likely to help.
TRAFFIC AND ROAD SAFETY
Presentation transcript:

Helping Behavior, Bystanders, and Compliance Gaining

The bystander effect the case of Kitty Genovese in general, groups are less likely to lend assistance in an emergency than an individual the presence of other people tends to inhibit helping behavior the larger the crowd, the less likely people are to help Pluralistic ignorance: people wait for someone else to act who knows what to do Diffusion of responsibility: the personal responsibility of each individual is reduced. people assume someone else has called for help or will call for help Social proof: others’ inaction implies the situation is not that serious

Bystander behavior When a waiting room filled with smoke, people did nothing if they saw others doing nothing (Latane & Darley, 1968) Bystanders failed to act when a person feigned having an asthma attack or a seizure (Harris & Robinson, 1973; Schwartz & Clausen, 1970).

Gueguen & Pichot (2001) The influence of status on pedestrians’ failure to follow a road-safety rule Independent variable: comparison of three types of attire: Well-dressed Casually dressed Poorly-dressed Control condition: no confederate Confederate crossed at crosswalk against a red light Large sample size: 2,883 pedestrians waiting at a crosswalk for a light to change Dependent Variable: violating the “do not walk” signal and following the confederate across the street. Results Control condition: 15.6% violations of no walk signal Well-dressed: 54.5% violations Casually dressed: 17.9% violations Poorly dressed: 9.3% violations Note: the control condition produced more compliance than the low-status clothing condition.

Gueguen (2003) The effect of Shoplifter’s status on reporting a crime: An evaluation in a natural setting Independent variable: a male confederate was well-dressed or poorly dressed Neatly dressed: suit &tie Slovenly: Dirty jeans, torn jacket, sneakers Neutral: Clean jeans, tee-shirt and jacket, moccasins The confederate asked a shopper to move aside so he could get a CD, then pocketed the CD Dependent variable: Whether the subjects did nothing or told the store security officer or a clerk about the theft Results: 73% of the shoppers did nothing. Most didn’t want to get involved. For the well dressed shoplifter, only 10% of the shoppers intervened (90% did nothing) For the poorly dressed shoplifter, 39% of the shoppers intervened (60% did nothing) For the neutrally dressed shoplifter, 37% intervened (63% did nothing) Note: intervention rates for the slovenly and neutrally dressed shoplifters were almost the same.

Solomon & Herman (1977) Status symbols and prosocial behavior: The effect of the victim’s car on helping Independent variable 1: Sex of the subject Independent variable 2: status of the person’s car Shiny Buick Electra Dirty Ford Impala The person was an attractive, well- dressed female loading groceries into her car. As a subject was approached she “dropped” her bag of groceries. Dependent variable: Helping behavior was defined as physically picking up the groceries Results: Male subjects were more likely to help a high status than low status victim (73% versus 33%) Female subjects were only slightly more likely to help a high status than low status victim (27% versus 20%) Note: Male compliance for the low status victim was still higher than female compliance for the high status victim Note: Situational demands favor males helping more than females

Juhnke et al (2001) Effects of attractiveness and nature of the request on helping behavior Shoppers were approached when entering or leaving a supermarket or department store. Confederates asked the shoppers for directions. Independent variable 1: attire Well-dressed: clean, conservative clothes, clean shaven Poorly dressed: simulated tattoos, cigarettes rolled in sleeves, dirty t-shirt, torn dirty trousers, uncombed hair Independent variable 2: status of destination Exclusive tennis club in nearby vicinity Thrift shop in nearby vicinity Dependent variable: the amount of time spent giving directions Results: The most time spent giving directions was to poorly dressed undergrads going to the low-status destination Low status may have been associated with low intelligence: e.g., Speak slowly and clearly Pity explanation: greater sensitivity to the low status person’s plight e.g. This person really needs a change of clothes Note: this finding runs counter to previous studies that found higher status produced greater compliance

Yinon & Dovrat (1987) The reciprocity-arousing potential of the requester’s occupation, its status and the cost and urgency of the request as determinants of helping behavior 2 X 2 X 2 design, using a variation of the “wrong number” technique Independent variable 1: a male confederate introduced himself as a: physician or accountant fireman or gas station attendant Independent Variable 2: urgency of the request urgent versus non-urgent request Independent variable 3: effort or cost of compliance disconnected phone number for 30 min. disconnected phone number for 60 min. Dependent variable: the confederate asked strangers if they would call his wife to tell her he would be late Results: Compliance was significantly greatest for the physician Compliance had less to do with status and more to do with the potential for reciprocity Compliance was greater for urgent requests Compliance was greater for lower-cost, lower- effort requests

Doob & Gross (1968) Motorists in luxury cars were less likely to be honked at than motorists in medium to low priced cars Motorists sat behind the wheel a light turned green Some motorists drove new expensive cars Others drove older ordinary cars The drivers behind them waited significantly longer before honking, based on the status of the car. Would the same hold true today?