Seasonal and successional trends in streamflow and N after forest removal in small basins, eastern and northwestern US Julia Jones, Oregon State University.

Slides:

Advertisements

Similar presentations

Bob McKane, USEPA Bonnie Kwiatkowski & Ed Rastetter, Marine Biological Laboratory Marc Stieglitz & Feifei Pan, Georgia Institute of Technology ~ January.

Advertisements

Northern Ecohydrology Jessica M. Cable and W. Robert Bolton International Arctic Research Center (Fairbanks) Environment and Natural Resources Institute.

SCOPE OF DATA STREAM FLOW AND SOLUTE FLUXES Stream discharge gauging Stream water chemistry PRECIPITATION AND DEPOSITION NRCS Snow Survey and Snow Pillow.

Ecological Perspectives on Critical Loads - Linkages between Biogeochemical Cycles and Ecosystem Change Differences and Similarities in N and S Cycling.

MARMOT CREEK RESEARCH BASIN WORKSHOP BARRIER LAKE FIELD STATION FEBRUARY 2013.

Overview of Proposed Climate Sensitivity Research.

What we know about global climate change Philip Mote (206) University of Washington.

Material cycles and flows. Decomposition.

Mel Kunkel & Jen Pierce Boise State University Climatic Indices: Predictors of Idaho's Precipitation and Streamflow.

Influence of Catchment Characteristics on Stream Nitrogen Transport to the Hood Canal Osborne, S.N.; Brett, M.T.; Richey, J.E.; Steinberg, P.D.; Newton,

Hydrologic Mixing Models Ken Hill Andrew McFadden.

Some potential impacts of climate change and altered runoff regimes on riverine ecosystems Tim Beechie (NOAA) Bob Naiman (UW) Coastal Rivers Research Consortium.

What we know about global climate change Philip Mote (206) University of Washington.

Alan F. Hamlet Philip W. Mote Martyn Clark Dennis P. Lettenmaier JISAO/SMA Climate Impacts Group and Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering.

Climatic variability, land-cover change, and forest hydrology in the Pacific Northwest David W. Peterson JISAO Climate Impacts Group Forest Hydrology.

DIFFERENCES IN SOIL RESPIRATION RATES BASED ON VEGETATION TYPE Maggie Vest Winter Ecology 2013 Mountain Research Station.

Strategic sampling of microclimate, soil moisture and sapflux for improving ecohydrological model estimates in the California Sierra Kyongho Son and Christina.

Climate Sensitivity of Boreal Forest Ecosystem Carbon Dynamics A. David McGuire and Colleagues BNZ LTER Annual Symposium 5 March 2009.

Quantifying Uncertainty in Ecosystem Studies (QUEST) John L. Campbell 1, Ruth D. Yanai 2, Mark B. Green 1,3, Carrie Rose Levine 2, Mary Beth Adams 1, Douglas.

1 Nutrient Cycling and Retention Chapter 19 nitro/biggraph.asp.

Paul R. Moorcroft David Medvigy, Stephen Wofsy, J. William Munger, M. Dietze Harvard University Developing a predictive science of the biosphere.

Modeling impacts of atmospheric nitrogen deposition on terrestrial ecosystems: Implications for climate change J.J. Reyes 1, J.C. Adam 1, C. L. Tague 2,

Hydrologic Synthesis Summer Institute Session IV The Horton Index: Hydrological Partitioning and Plant Available Water P.A. Troch, P.D. Brooks, and M.

An Ecologist’s Perspective on Valuing Nature Thomas A. Spies PNW Research Station.

Gordon E. Grant USDA Forest Service PNW Research Station M. Safeeq & S.Lewis Oregon State University C.Tague, University of California Santa Barbara Where’s.

Preliminary Results Study Area Model Description Building a biosphere-relevant Earth system modeling framework: Modeling impacts of atmospheric nitrogen.

Export and metabolism of carbon in urban watersheds: Climate implications Rose M. Smith 1, Sujay S. Kaushal 1 1 University of Maryland College Park Motivation.

Temporal and spatial patterns of basin scale sediment dynamics and yield.

Sensitivity of Oregon's Watersheds to Streamflow Changes due to Climate Warming: A Geohydrological Approach Mohammad Safeeq Department of Geosciences,

Pathways for nitrate release from an alpine watershed: Determination using  15 N and  18 O Donald H. Campbell Carol Kendall, Cecily C. Y. Chang, Steven.

Land Cover Change and Climate Change Effects on Streamflow in Puget Sound Basin, Washington Lan Cuo 1, Dennis Lettenmaier 1, Marina Alberti 2, Jeffrey.

Analysis of Forest Fire Disturbance in the Western US Using Landsat Time Series Images: Haley Wicklein Advisors: Jim Collatz and Jeff Masek,

The Southern Sierra Critical Zone Observatory (CZO) is designed as a platform for integrated, multi-disciplinary research and scientific information that.

Summer Synthesis Institute Vancouver, British Columbia June 22 – August 5 Overview of Synthesis Project Synthesis Project Descriptions Summer Institute.

Objective: Have a working knowledge of the relationship between the vegetative cover in a watershed and water yield and water quality.

Climate of North America 101 What are the major controls on North American climate? What is the dominant flow pattern across North America in winter? How.

Estimating the Spatial Distribution of Snow Water Equivalent and Snowmelt in Mountainous Watersheds of Semi-arid Regions Noah Molotch Department of Hydrology.

Seminar: Snowmelt and Storm Events: Biogeochemical and Hydrological Responses.

Modeling Modes of Variability in Carbon Exchange Between High Latitude Ecosystems and the Atmosphere Dave McGuire (UAF), Joy Clein (UAF), and Qianlai.

Effects of Rising Nitrogen Deposition on Forest Carbon Sequestration and N losses in the Delaware River Basin Yude Pan, John Hom, Richard Birdsey, Kevin.

VFR Research - R. Hudson Basic Hydrology Streamflow: Hydrographs; Case studies of logging effects on streamflow; Peak flow.

Coupling between fire and permafrost Effects of permafrost thaw on surface hydrology between better- drained vs. poorly- drained ecosystems Consequences.

Watershed Experiments Lab 3. Watersheds Several different designs –Single watershed (data for modeling) –Nested (evaluate accumulated effects) –Paired.

Climate Sensitivity of Thinleaf Alder Growth in Interior Alaska: Implications for N-Fixation Inputs to River Floodplains Dana Nossov 1,2, Roger Ruess 1,

Focus on “deep soil column” Spatial patterns Mechanism that control development and function Implications for ecology, biogeochemistry and hydrology What.

Table 1 Mean annual precipitation (mm). Altitudinal gradient of dissolved organic carbon in headwater streams of the Wuyi Mountains in China Question Wei.

Goal: to understand carbon dynamics in montane forest regions by developing new methods for estimating carbon exchange at local to regional scales. Activities:

Long-term climate and water cycle variability and change Dennis P. Lettenmaier Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Washington.

Virtual Experiment © Oregon State University Models as a communication tool for HJA scientists Kellie Vache and Jeff McDonnell Dept of Forest Engineering.

Seasonal and elevational variation of surface water  18 O and  2 H in the Willamette River basin J. Renée Brooks 1, Parker J. Wigington 1, Jr., Carol.

Nutrient Response of the Ventura River to Drought Conditions in Southern California Al Leydecker 1 and Jessica Altstatt 2 ( 1 Bren School of Environmental.

Multiscale Climatic, Topographic, and Biotic Controls of Tree Invasion in a Sub-Alpine Parkland Landscape, Jefferson Park, Oregon Cascades, USA Harold.

QUANTIFYING UNCERTAINTY IN ECOSYSTEM STUDIES Carrie Rose Levine, Ruth Yanai, John Campbell, Mark Green, Don Buso, Gene Likens Hubbard Brook Cooperators.

Project 4: hydrologic subsystems in hillslopes What are the key controls on and the key interactions between the soil, ecology, geomorphology and biogeochemistry.

Objective: Have a working knowledge of the relationship between the vegetative cover in a watershed and water yield and water quality.

Research design for hydrologic response to watershed treatments in the mixed conifer zone of California’s Sierra Nevada John Battles 1, Roger Bales 2,

WS 7 clearcut in 1977 new roads cable-yarded no riparian buffers Stream DIN concentration Evidence for regime change in nitrogen export from a logged watershed.

Predicting the hydrologic implications of land use change in forested catchments Dennis P. Lettenmaier Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering.

Climate change, forests and fire in the Sierra Nevada, California: implications for current and future resource management Hugh Safford Regional Ecologist.

You Can Never Have Too Much Data –

Estimating Changes in Flood Risk due to 20th Century Warming and Climate Variability in the Western U.S. Alan F. Hamlet Dennis P. Lettenmaier.

The Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study

Precipitation-Runoff Modeling System (PRMS)

Long-term trends in uncertainty of element fluxes at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest Mark Green, Donald Buso, John Campbell, Carrie Rose Levine,

in the Neversink River Basin, New York

MOUNTAINS AT RISK.

Solute and Nutrient Export and Redistribution

Forests, water & research in the Sierra Nevada

Extremes at elevation – high flow events on Mount Mansfield

The Mt. Mansfield paired-watershed study

Presentation transcript:

Seasonal and successional trends in streamflow and N after forest removal in small basins, eastern and northwestern US Julia Jones, Oregon State University David Post, CSIRO, Townsville, Australia Kate Lajtha, Oregon State University

Questions 1.What are streamflow responses to forest removal and regrowth across a range of sites? 2. What might be the implications for N fluxes of streamflow-forest interactions? 3. What are the special opportunities in hydrologic research for ecosystem informatics?

What are the streamflow responses to forest removal and regrowth as a function of Dry/wet summers Snowpack presence/type Forest type – deciduous broadleaf/evergreen conifer Time since most recent disturbance Andrews WS1,2 2001

Even with a treated/control pair, weak causal inferences Instrumented locations of questionable generality Out of date treatments Prediction in ungaged basins Long records Treated/control pairs Complementary information on ecological processes Can pose mechanistic hypotheses to be checked by process studies and modeling Andrews WS9, 2001 Limitations and potentials for “black-box” watershed studies

Questions – causes and consequences Causes:  Vegetation physiology  Physical vegetation- atmosphere interactions  Snowpack  Drainage Consequences:  Water availability for plants  Biogeochemistry  Stream ecology Andrews WS 10, 1968

Time scales of interest to ecologists and hydrologists Diurnal Storm Seasonal Successional Climate change Evolutionary Andrews WS 10, 1977

Instrumented sites (red dots) used in this study– eastern and western forests Deciduous/conifer Seasonal/transient/no snowpack

Types of treatments: Intentional  Vegetation manipulation  Drainage manipulation Inadvertent  Natural disturbance  Climate change  Edge effects Andrews WS 1, 1966

Analysis of streamflow change in treated/control comparisons Essence of analysis - look at change over time in ratio of treated/control flows Examine daily flows for 5-yr periods, before and after forest removal Consider both absolute and relative changes and their consequences Absolutely large changes Absolutely small, relatively large changes at key periods Consider whole set of basin pairs as ~multifactorial experiment

SiteAndrewsCoweetaHubbard Brook NaturalSevere wildfire, 1500s; some wildfire, mid-1800s Severe windthrow during 1835 hurricane Severe windthrow during 1938 hurricane HumanGrazing, burning on non-forest meadows at high elevations, ~1900 Cherokee spring/fall burning, to 1837; Cultivation, grazing, annual burning ~1900; Complete logging, 1919; Chestnut blight, 1930s-40s; Extensive logging, ; Salvage after 1938 hurricane Pre-treatment disturbance histories of sites - state of “control” basins

Basin sizes and disturbance histories

Lengths of record in experimental basin pairs Vertical lines are 100% clearcut treatments; HBR 2/3 and Fernow 7/4 had herbicide

Climates of the sites - Hubbard Brook

Climates of Hubbard Brook vs. Andrews Hubbard Brook vs. Coweeta

Effect of climate, forest type on streamflow by season - Relative changes - Hubbard Brook 2/3 Relaative change (%) in streamflow

Relative changes - Hubbard Brook vs. Andrews Relaative change (%) in streamflow

Effect of climate, forest type on streamflow by season - Absolute changes - Hubbard Brook 2/3 Absolute change (mm) in streamflow

Absolute changes - Hubbard Brook vs. Andrews Absolute change (mm) in streamflow

Effect of time since forest removal, by season Delayed August deficits Persistent spring surpluses and deficits 5-yr post-treatment periods; periods 4-5 are years after forest removal Delayed summer deficits Absolute change (mm) in streamflow

Effect of time since pre-treatment forest disturbance conifers, seasonal snow conifers, transient.no snow deciduous, seasonal snow deciduous, transient/no snow 1 to 5 yrs after15 to 25 yrs after y = 138Ln(x) r2 = 0.45 y = 142Ln(x) r2 = 0.71 Absolute change (mm) in annual streamflow

“out of controls?” The treated/control relationship in paired- basin experiments, rather than a black and white one, can be viewed as a function of continuous – and continuously changing – differences between basins in vegetation structure, composition, and climate. Time scales, scaling: Paired-basin records provide the opportunity to quantify and compare streamflow responses at multiple temporal scales, including storm events, seasons, successional periods, and decadal climate change. Regionalization: Small paired-basin experiments permit comparison (prediction?) of streamflow responses across vegetation types and treatments, climates, and basin scales. General lessons about paired-basin studies

Hydrologic interactions with basin-scale N fluxes Concentration vs. flux Nitrate vs. dissolved organic N Mechanisms: Biologically controlled (uptake, retention, immobilization) vs. Physically controlled (fast/slow flowpaths, water table variations) or Biophysical interactions – spatial patterns of labile forms, changing flowpaths Three kinds of patterns

Coweeta 18 Coweeta 36 Coweeta 18 Coweeta 36 Discharge (mm) Month (Jan-Dec) 5 0 mg/L 5 0 Nitrate concentration (Swank et al., 1997) Coweeta: Very low nitrate concentration, peaks during summer

Andrews: DON concentration peaks in fall, as hydrograph rises Vanderbilt et al., 2002 DONprecipdischarge

Nitrate concentration (Likens, 1977) Hubbard Brook: high N concentration, peaks during snowmelt 5 0 mg/L Discharge

Opportunities for eco-hydrology studies How does vegetation influence water fluxes to/from atmosphere? How does water use influence carbon, nitrogen fluxes?

Acknowledgements NSF Long-term studies NSF LTER grants to Andrews, Coweeta, Hubbard Brook USFS support of long-term monitoring at Andrews, Caspar Creek, Coweeta, Coyote Creek, Fernow, and Hubbard Brook Experimental Forests USFS support of Hydro DB Data and expertise were provided by the following USDA Forest Service personnel: C. Creel, G. Downing, R. Fredriksen, D. Henshaw, A. Levno, G. Lienkaemper, J. Moreau, S. Remillard, (Andrews); J. Lewis (Caspar); N. Gardiner, W. Swank, L. Swift (Coweeta); M.B. Adams (Fernow); and J. Campbell, C. Cogbill, J. Hornbeck, W. Martin (Hubbard Brook). We would like to thank J.J. Major and F.J. Swanson for helpful discussions. J. Hornbeck, J. Lewis, J. McDonnell, L. Reid, W. Swank for reviews.