Microbial Genetics (Micr340) Lecture 8 Conjugation and Transformation.

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Microbial Genetics (Micr340) Lecture 8 Conjugation and Transformation

Conjugation

Definitions Conjugation - a process in which a plasmid transfer itself and other DNA elements from one cell to another Donor bacterium - a bacterium originally contains the plasmid Recipient bacterium - a bacterium that receives the transferred plasmid Transconjugant - a recipient cell that has received DNA as a result of conjugation

Conjugation Most naturally occurring plasmids are either: self-transmissible mobilizable In Gram- bacteria, sex pili facilitate conjugation “Promiscuous plasmids” possess transfer systems that enable them to transfer DNA between unrelated species

pKM101

Conjugation in Gram- Transfer (tra) genes Dtr component Mpf component The oriT sequence and function

Mpf function

Pilus formation

Regulation of tra genes

oriT identification

Plasmid mobilization

Plasmid mobilization (continued)

Conjugation in Gram- Triparental mating

Chromosome transfer by plasmids Formation of Hfr strains Transfer of chromosomal DNA by integrated plasmids Genetic mapping with Hfr crosses

Transformation

DNA exchange in bacteria Three ways Conjugation Transformation Transduciton

Natural transformation Natural competence Discovery - the Griffith experiment

Gram + DNA uptake system

Gram - DNA uptake system

Transformation in Streptococcus pneumoniae

Transformation in Haemophilus influenzae

Artificially induced competence Calcium Ion Induction transformation by plasmids transfection - use of viral DNAs or genomic RNA in transformation Electroporation