Geochronology Methods for Determining the Relative and Absolute Age of Rocks THE LANGUAGE OF THE EARTH – PART VII.

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Presentation transcript:

Geochronology Methods for Determining the Relative and Absolute Age of Rocks THE LANGUAGE OF THE EARTH – PART VII

Relative Age Dating - Superposition

Principles of Faunal Succession and Faunal Assemblage Index Fossils - Widespread distribution - Restricted, known time of existence - Common to many environments

Principle of Cross-cutting Relationships

Global Time Markers Global Time Markers Volcanic Ash Eruptions

Global Time Markers Global Time Markers Magnetic Reversals

Global Time Markers Global Time Markers Meteor Impacts K-T impact site K-T Boundary coal mudstone-impact layer

Global Time Markers Global Time Markers Climate Change

Gaps in the Geological Record Gaps in the Geological Record Unconformities

Creating Unconformities

Gaps in the Minnesota Timescale

Regional Correlation of Units Regional Correlation of Units Piecing the Rock Record Together

Absolute Age Determinations Absolute Age Determinations Radiometric Dating

Radioactive Isotopes

Radioactive Decay

Radioactive Decay Half-life Zircon ZrSiO 4 U substitutes for Zr, but Pb does not.

87 Rb  87 Sr; 86 Sr is stable Rb – chemically substitutes for K Sr – chemically substitutes for Ca 87 Rb/ 86 Sr 87 Sr/ 86 Sr Ca-plagioclase Granite whole rock K-feldspar Biotite (K-rich) t=0 87 Sr/ 86 Sr° t=1 Metamorphism at t=1 t=2 Isochron 87 Sr/ 86 Sr°(m) Rb-Sr Dating of a Granite

GEOPUZZLE 1

GEOPUZZLE 2

GEOPUZZLE 3