Philosophical roots of Cognitive Science What are the best ways of learning about how the mind works?

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Presentation transcript:

Philosophical roots of Cognitive Science What are the best ways of learning about how the mind works?

Empiricism Knowledge is gained through observation of the natural world. Has its roots Aristotle, but flourished in the Reformation (Hobbes, Locke, Berkeley).

Rationalism Knowledge is gained through introspection - by thinking about the natural world. –The senses are fallible. –Socrates & Plato Can one trule gain knowledge about the natural world solely through introspection?

Science What is science? What is the purpose of science? Is Science about finding Truth?

Whither Cognitive Science? How do we “observe” something that can’t be seen? How do we theorize about something that cannot be observed? We have to really know what it is we’re analyzing.

What we’re studying What we’re looking at is how the mind processes information. What does that mean? Process and Representation

Representation The manner in which information is stored in the mind. Analogous to different representations on a computer - text, JPG, MP3, WMV, etc.

Process The means by which those representations are manipulated. Once again, we can use the computer analogy: , Word, iTunes, Quicktime, etc.

Cognitive Research Methods Task Difficulty - Different combinations of processes and representations should make different types of tasks more or less difficult. Determining which properties of tasks make them easier or harder can shed light on what processes and representations are being used. –Reaction time –Error rate –Task performance time Ex: the Chinese Ring puzzle

More methods Task Performance - examine how people perform various tasks to try and understand the underlying processes and representations –Verbal protocols –Eye tracking –Mouse tracking –Brain-damaged patients