Making PowerPoint Slides Avoiding the Pitfalls of Bad Slides SEE-U 2005, rev TKittel Feb 08

Tips to be Covered Presentation Title & Outline Slide Structure Formatting - Fonts, Color, & Background Graphs Spelling & Grammar Conclusions and Ending Up References Oral Presentation

Title Slide Your presentation’s title should tell your audience what your talk is about – Succinctly, what’s the comparison or issue, what organism(s), and generally where – Use a subtitle to add information if needed. Include your name, course name, semester

Outline Make your 1 st or 2 nd slide an outline of your presentation – Ex: 2 nd slide in this PowerPoint Follow the order of your outline for the rest of the presentation Only place main points on the outline slide – Ex: Use the titles of each slide as main points

Slide Structure – Good Use 1-2 slides per minute of your presentation Write in point form, not complete sentences Include 4-5 points per slide Avoid wordiness: use key words and phrases only Split information between slides to avoid crowding a slide

Slide Structure - Bad This page contains too many words for a presentation slide. It is not written in point form, making it difficult both for your audience to read and for you to present each point. Although there are exactly the same number of points on this slide as the previous slide, it looks much more complicated. In short, your audience will spend too much time trying to read this paragraph instead of listening to you. And oh yeah, don’t crowd a slide up – split your information on a given topic over to a 2 nd slide if it’s that important! Don’t overflow either.

Slide Structure – Good Show one point at a time: – Will help audience concentrate on what you are saying – Will prevent audience from reading ahead – Will help you keep your presentation focused

Slide Structure – Good Use the notes frame in the ‘Normal’ view to write up more complete information for each slide – Include details of each point you’re making – Cite sources here, or in small font on the slide proper such as: - Smith & Jones 2005

Slide Structure - Bad Do not use distracting animation Do not go overboard with the animation Be consistent with the animation you use

Fonts - Good Use at least an 18-point font Use different size fonts for main points and secondary points – this font is 24-point, the main point font is 28-point, and the title font is 36-point Use a standard font like Times New Roman or Arial

Fonts - Bad If you use a small font, your audience won’t be able to read what you have written CAPITALIZE ONLY WHEN NECESSARY. IT IS DIFFICULT TO READ Don’t use a complicated font

Color - Good Use a color of font that contrasts sharply with the background – Ex: blue font on white background Use color to reinforce the logic of your structure – Ex: light blue title and dark blue text Use color to emphasize a point – But only use this occasionally

Color - Bad Using a font color that does not contrast with the background color is hard to read Using color for decoration is distracting and annoying. Using a different color for each point is unnecessary – Using a different color for secondary points is also unnecessary Trying to be creative can also be bad

Background - Good Use backgrounds such as this one that are attractive but simple – Photos can be interesting but often difficult for reading overlying text Use the same background consistently throughout your presentation

Background - Good Use backgrounds which are either: – Light, with dark (not black) lettering, as in the previous slides Best for poorly shaded rooms Strictly white can be too stark or blinding – Or 

Background - Good Or backgrounds which are: –Dark, with light lettering Especially good for a very dark room Classic look is deep blue with white or light yellow lettering

Background – Bad Avoid backgrounds that are distracting or difficult to read from

Images - Good Add images or simple graphs to text slides to illustrate your point Adding a relevant photo can also provide visual relief – Images added for this purpose, need not be discussed Colorado Treeline – Google Earth

Graphs - Good Use graphs rather than tables and words – Data in graphs are easier to comprehend & retain than raw data – Trends are easier to visualize in graph form

Graphs - Bad

Graphs - Good Number of Items Sold

Graphs - Good Formatting – Always title your graphs – so it’s clear what’s shown – Label axes Unless meaning obvious (e.g., months) – Use a large enough font This is a common issue for axis tick labels

Graphs - Bad

Minor gridlines are unnecessary Font is too small Colors are illogical Title is missing Shading is distracting

Spelling and Grammar Proof your slides for: – speling mistakes – the use of of repeated words – grammatical errors you might have make For example, “data are” not “data is” If English is not your first language, please have someone else check your presentation!

Conclusion Use an effective and strong closing – Your audience is likely to remember your last words Use a conclusion slide to: – Summarize the main points of your presentation – Suggest future avenues of research

Questions?? Ending your presentation: – End with an invitation for your audience to ask questions – End your slide show on your conclusions slide This will allow your audience to consider your key points – Avoid ending a presentation abruptly

References Include references on very last slide – Show only if asked a question re your sources – Use any common style found in journal articles – but be consistent in their formatting Example for journal article Kane, D.L., Hinzman, L.D., and Zarling, J.P Thermal response of the active layer to climatic warming in a permafrost environment. Cold Regions Science and Technology, 19: Example for chapter in a book Field, C. B., Raupach, M. R., and Victoria, R The global carbon cycle: integrating humans, climate, and the natural world. In: C. B. Field and M. R. Raupach (eds.). The Global Carbon Cycle. Washington: Island Press. pp

Oral Presentation Practice, practice, practice – Makes your presentation come off smoothly, dynamic – Helps tune your timing – Indentifies unnecessary & redundant information Make a test run with the projector – Check that slides are clear given the room’s lighting Slides too bright? Contrast poor? – Check slides are readable from the back of the room