Human Karyotypes. Karyotypes = pictures of homologous chromosomes lined up during metaphase 1 23 pairs of chromosomes (1 set from the mother & 1 set from.

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Presentation transcript:

Human Karyotypes

Karyotypes = pictures of homologous chromosomes lined up during metaphase 1 23 pairs of chromosomes (1 set from the mother & 1 set from the father) - 22 pairs are autosomes - 1 pair is sex chromosomes XX = female ♀ & XY = male ♂

About Chromosomes Chomosomes = structures of tightly coiled chromatin (DNA) Homologous chromosomes = chromosomes of same size & shape carry the same genes for the same traits

Chromosomal Theory of Inheritance “Genes are located on chromosomes”

Genes - are hereditary units of DNA - control characteristics & abnormalities - exist in different forms called alleles

ALLELES Dominant – shows whenever present - designated w/capital letters T = tall Recessive – shows only if the organism is homozygous - masked w/dominant alleles - designated w/lowercase letters t = short

GENOTYPE = genetic makeup HOMOZYGOUS (Pure) - organism has 2 identical alleles for a trait TT or tt HETEROZYGOUS (hybrid) - organism has 2 different alleles for a trait Tt

PHENOTYPE Physical appearance an organism develops as a result of its genotype PhenotypeGenotype Pure tall plant TT (homozygous dominant) Pure short planttt (homozygous recessive) Hybrid tall plantTt (heterozygous)

Mendel’s Peas