NPOESS and GOES Complementary Systems for the Future Briefing by CAPT Craig S. Nelson, NOAA Executive Director Integrated Program Office May 22, 2001

N ATIONAL P OLAR-ORBITING O PERATIONAL E NVIRONMENTAL S ATELLITE S YSTEM A Tri-agency Effort to Leverage and Combine Environmental Satellite Activities Mission Provide a national, operational, polar- orbiting remote-sensing capability Achieve National Performance Review (NPR) savings by converging DoD and NOAA satellite programs Incorporate new technologies from NASA Encourage International Cooperation Saves > $1.8B through System Life Cycle compared to NPR target of $1.3B NPOESS is Good Government!

N ATIONAL P OLAR-ORBITING O PERATIONAL E NVIRONMENTAL S ATELLITE S YSTEM National Importance Civilian CommunityCivilian Community -Timely, accurate, and cost-effective public warnings and forecasts of severe weather events, reduce the potential loss of human life and property and advance the national economy -Support of general aviation, agriculture, and maritime communities aimed at increasing U.S. productivity NPOESS Goal: Improve the Nation’s Space-Based, Remote Sensing Capabilities for Environmental Monitoring Military CommunityMilitary Community -Shift tactical and strategic focus from “coping with weather” to anticipating and exploiting atmospheric and space environmental conditions

N ATIONAL P OLAR-ORBITING O PERATIONAL E NVIRONMENTAL S ATELLITE S YSTEM Why Polar-orbiting Satellites? Complement Geostationary Systems Provide global coverage at high spatial resolution, particularly in high latitudes Polar-orbiting satellites critical for warnings and forecasts in Alaska Real-time environmental data 24 hours/day, 7 days/week Provide critical environmental information in areas where data are limited, denied, or controlled by opposing forces LEO platforms more suitable for microwave and active sensors Crucial to delivering Synoptic Data for Global Forecast Models POES infrared satellite image centered over the Bering - 1 Mar 00, 1624Z GOES-10 infrared satellite image 1 Mar 00, 1626Z

N ATIONAL P OLAR-ORBITING O PERATIONAL E NVIRONMENTAL S ATELLITE S YSTEM Why Polar-orbiting Satellites?

N ATIONAL P OLAR-ORBITING O PERATIONAL E NVIRONMENTAL S ATELLITE S YSTEM Local Equatorial Crossing Time METOP NPOESS Lite Future (2013) 3-Orbit System -2 US Converged -1 US “Lite” -1 EUMETSAT/METOP -Specialized Satellites NPOESS Tomorrow (2005) 4-Orbit System -2 US Military -1 US Civilian -1 EUMETSAT/METOP Local Equatorial Crossing Time METOP DMSP POES Evolution Today 4-Orbit System -2 US Military -2 US Civilian U.S. civil and defense programs, working in partnership with EUMETSAT, will ensure improved global coverage and long-term continuity of observations at less cost! Local Equatorial Crossing Time DMSP POES First success after eight previous attempts

N ATIONAL P OLAR-ORBITING O PERATIONAL E NVIRONMENTAL S ATELLITE S YSTEM POES Earliest Availability S/C delivery interval driven by 15 month IAT schedule DMSP NPOESS C3 POES EOS-Aqua NPOESS C2 or C1 N’ Earliest Need to back-up launch F20 NPOESS DMSP NPP EOS-Terra METOP NPOESS C1 or C2 F16 N M F17 F19 F15 F18 L (16) WindSat/Coriolis Satellite Transition Schedule (17 April 2001) Slopes indicate 10-90% need (NPOESS GAP 5b) Projected End of Life based on 50% Need CY Local Equatorial Crossing Time S/C Deliveries Mission Satisfaction GOES-R

N ATIONAL P OLAR-ORBITING O PERATIONAL E NVIRONMENTAL S ATELLITE S YSTEM NPOESS Requirements Converged requirements provide foundation for combined program First success after eight previous attempts Solar Geophysical Climatic Atmospheric Oceanographic Terrestrial Disaster Planning Disaster Response Ocean Navigation

N ATIONAL P OLAR-ORBITING O PERATIONAL E NVIRONMENTAL S ATELLITE S YSTEM Where we sense with NPOESS RF MHz Microwaves GHz IR  m Visible  m UV X-rays Search & Rescue DCS Space Environment Ozone  -raysHard  rays Imagery Sounding

N ATIONAL P OLAR-ORBITING O PERATIONAL E NVIRONMENTAL S ATELLITE S YSTEM Environmental Data Records (EDRs) with Key Performance Parameters Environmental Data Records Atmospheric Vertical Moisture ProfileDownward Longwave Radiance (Sfc) Atmospheric Vertical Temperature Profile Electric Fields Precipitation Type/Rate Imagery Electron Density Profile Pressure (Surface/Profile) Sea Surface Temperature Fresh Water Ice Medium Energy Charged Particles Sea Surface Winds Geomagnetic Field Sea Ice Age and Ice Edge Motion Soil Moisture Ice Surface Temperature Sea Surface Height/Topography Aerosol Optical Thickness Snow Cover/Depth Aerosol Particle Size Neutral Winds Albedo (Surface) In-situ Plasma Fluctuations Solar Irradiance Auroral Boundary In-situ Plasma Temperature Energetic Ions Auroral Imagery Insolation Supra-Thermal - Auroral Particles Cloud Base Height Ionospheric Scintillation Surface Wind Stress Cloud Cover/LayersLand Surface Temperature Suspended Matter Cloud Effective Particle SizeLittoral Sediment Transport Total Auroral Energy Deposition Cloud Ice Water Path Net Heat Flux Total Longwave Radiance (TOA) Cloud Liquid Water Net Short Wave Radiance (TOA) Total Water Content Cloud Optical Depth/Transmittance Neutral Density Profile Mass Loading / Turbidity Cloud Top Height Vegetation Index (NDVI) Cloud Top Pressure Ocean Color/Chlorophyll Surface Type Cloud Top Temperature Ocean Wave Characteristics Currents (Ocean) Ozone - Total Column/Profile VIIRSCMIS CrIS/ATMS OMPSSES GPSOS ERBSTSISALT Fires Precipitable Water By Sensor Allocation

N ATIONAL P OLAR-ORBITING O PERATIONAL E NVIRONMENTAL S ATELLITE S YSTEM Atmospheric Vertical Temp Profile Cloud Optical Depth/Transmittance Sea Surface Temperature In-situ Plasma Fluctuations In-situ Plasma Temperature Atmospheric Vertical Moisture Profile DownwardLongwaveRadiance (Sfc) Precipitable Water Electric Fields Precipitation Type/Rate Imagery Electron Density Profile Pressure (Surface/Profile) Fresh Water Ice Sea Surface WindsGeomagnetic FieldSea Ice Age and Edge Motion Soil MoistureIce Surface TemperatureSea Surface Height/Topography Aerosol Optical ThicknessSnow Cover/Depth Aerosol Particle SizeSolar Irradiance Albedo (Surface) Auroral Boundary Auroral Imagery Supra-Thermal - Auroral Particles Cloud Base Height Medium Energy Charged Particles Surface Wind Stress Cloud Cover/LayersLand Surface Temperature Suspended Matter Cloud Effective Particle SizeLittoral Sediment Transport Total Auroral Energy Deposition Cloud Ice Water Path Net Heat Flux Total Longwave Radiance (TOA) Cloud Liquid WaterNet Short Wave Radiance (TOA) Total Water Content Neutral Density Profile Turbidity Cloud Top Height Normalized Difference Vegetation Index Cloud Top Pressure Ocean Color/Chlorophyll Vegetation Index/Surface Type Cloud Top Temperature Ocean Wave Characteristics Currents (Ocean) Ozone - Total Column/Profile Insolation Environmental Data Records (EDRs) with Key Performance Parameters OceanicTerrestrialSpaceAtmosphericClimate Energetic Ions Ionospheric Scintillation Neutral Winds Environmental Data Records By Discipline

N ATIONAL P OLAR-ORBITING O PERATIONAL E NVIRONMENTAL S ATELLITE S YSTEM NPOESS Payloads * Critical instrument - Failure constitutes need to replace satellite IPO Developed Visible/IR Imager Radiometer Suite (VIIRS)* X X X X Cross-track IR Sounder (CrIS)* X X (IASI/HIRS)X Conical MW Imager/Sounder (CMIS)* X X X Ozone Mapper/Profiler Suite (OMPS) X X (GOME) GPS Occultation Sensor (GPSOS) X X X (GRAS) Space Environmental Sensor Suite (SESS) X X X (SEM) Leveraged Advanced Technology MW Sounder (ATMS)* X X (AMSU/MHS)X Data Collection System (DCS) X X X Search and Rescue (SARSAT) X X X Earth Radiation Budget Sensor X Solar Irradiance Sensor (TSIS) X Radar altimeter (ALT) X Advanced Scatterometer (ASCAT) X NPOESS Instruments METOP NPP FreeFlyer

N ATIONAL P OLAR-ORBITING O PERATIONAL E NVIRONMENTAL S ATELLITE S YSTEM Instruments in Development/Production Phase Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder (ATMS) [NASA/GSFC Notional Design] Aerojet Ozone Mapping & Profiler Suite (OMPS) [Artist Conception] Ball Cross-track IR Sounder (CrIS) [Engineering Development Unit] ITT Visible/IR Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) [Artist Conception] Raytheon 176 kg 170 W 10.5 Mbps 87 kg 91 W 1.8 Mbps 45 kg 45 W 180 Kbps 66 kg 85 W 30 Kbps

N ATIONAL P OLAR-ORBITING O PERATIONAL E NVIRONMENTAL S ATELLITE S YSTEM OMPS CMIS VIIRS NPOESS Sensor Scan Types Cross-Track Scan Conical Scan Non-Scanning

N ATIONAL P OLAR-ORBITING O PERATIONAL E NVIRONMENTAL S ATELLITE S YSTEM VIIRS Specificatons and Performance

N ATIONAL P OLAR-ORBITING O PERATIONAL E NVIRONMENTAL S ATELLITE S YSTEM Specifications - Temperature Profile: 14 Nadir - Moisture Profile: 14 Nadir - Pressure Profile: 48 Nadir - 1 Kelvin / 1 km Layers spectral channels - 3 spectral bands (SWIR to LWIR) CrIS Specificatons and Performance

N ATIONAL P OLAR-ORBITING O PERATIONAL E NVIRONMENTAL S ATELLITE S YSTEM NPOESS Risk Reduction Validate technological approach to remote sensing Early delivery of NPOESS data to users Sensor demonstrations on non-operational platforms -Lower risk to operational users -Lower risk of launch delays due to operational schedule Share cost & risk among agencies NASA ER2 / NAST Proteus NAST deployed to Okinawa/Alaska Feb/Mar 01 for WestPac experiment NPP DIDM SOLSE LORE WindSat

N ATIONAL P OLAR-ORBITING O PERATIONAL E NVIRONMENTAL S ATELLITE S YSTEM Joint IPO/NASA Risk Reduction Demo NPOESS Preparatory Project (NPP) Instrument Risk Reduction Early delivery / instrument-level test / system-level integration and test VIIRS - Vis/IR Imager Radiometer Suite (IPO Developed) VIIRS - Vis/IR Imager Radiometer Suite (IPO Developed) CrIS - Cross-track IR Sounder (IPO Developed) CrIS - Cross-track IR Sounder (IPO Developed) ATMS - Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder (NASA) ATMS - Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder (NASA) TBD - Instrument of Opportunity TBD - Instrument of Opportunity -Provides lessons learned and allows for any required modifications in time to support NPOESS first launch readiness Ground System Risk Reduction -Early delivery and test of a subset of NPOESS - like ground system elements. -Early User Evaluation of NPOESS data products -Provides algorithms / instrument verification and opportunities for instrument calibration / validation -Allows for algorithm modification prior to NPOESS first launch

N ATIONAL P OLAR-ORBITING O PERATIONAL E NVIRONMENTAL S ATELLITE S YSTEM NPOESS Aircraft Sounder Testbed (NAST) SIMULATE CANDIDATE INSTRUMENTS - (CrIS, ATMS, IASI, GIFTS) EVALUATE KEY EDR ALGORITHMS PREVIEW HIGH RESOLUTION PRODUCTS -SPECTRAL AND SPATIAL UNDER FLIGHT VALIDATION INSTRUMENTS NAST-I, NAST-M NAST-I: IR INTERFEROMETER SOUNDER NAST-M: MICROWAVE SOUNDER* NASA ER-2 OBJECTIVES NADIR 2.6 km IFOV 20 km ALTITUDE ± 23 km GROUND COVERAGE *Hurricane Bonnie Cross-Section

N ATIONAL P OLAR-ORBITING O PERATIONAL E NVIRONMENTAL S ATELLITE S YSTEM NAST Demonstrates Wind Profiling Capability for a Geostationary Satellite 200 Mb 500 Mb 700 Mb 00:26 GMT01:15GMT

N ATIONAL P OLAR-ORBITING O PERATIONAL E NVIRONMENTAL S ATELLITE S YSTEM Geostationary Imaging FTS (GIFTS) Measurement Capabilities: Imaging, Sounding, and Chemistry Full Disk Imagery with < 10 minute refresh rate, IR (4 Km) /VIS (1 Km) Regional (6000 km x 6000 km) Imagery: Multi-spectral IR and Day/night Visible Imagery, with < 5 minute refresh rate (3000 km x 3000 km < 1 min, 500 km x 500 km < 5 sec) Full Disk Sounding: Hourly Temperature, Moisture, and Winds for Global Forecasting Regional (6000 km x 6000 km) Sounding: Half Hourly, High Spatial Resolution Temperature, Moisture, and Wind Soundings for Regional Weather Forecasting. (3000 km x 3000 km < 10 min) Mesoscale (3000 km x 3000 km) Sounding: Hourly, Ultra-high Vertical Resolution Soundings for Chemistry, Hazardous Weather Prediction Applications, and Self-Validation of Regional and Full Disk Products

N ATIONAL P OLAR-ORBITING O PERATIONAL E NVIRONMENTAL S ATELLITE S YSTEM A More Capable System First Image from TIROS-1First Image from EOS-Terra Mississippi Delta from the MODIS Instrument 24 February 2000

N ATIONAL P OLAR-ORBITING O PERATIONAL E NVIRONMENTAL S ATELLITE S YSTEM Long-Range Integrated Satellite Transition CY Local Equatorial Crossing Time DMSP POES Aqua C2 or C1 DMSP POES NPP Terra METOP WindSat 19 GEO GIFTS POLAR GIFTS/IOMI GOES – R Series Integrated System NPOESS GOES

N ATIONAL P OLAR-ORBITING O PERATIONAL E NVIRONMENTAL S ATELLITE S YSTEM GEOsynchronous Global Constellation GEO and conical sensor FOV with a half cone = 8.25° Walker 7 / 7 / 5 constellation with inclination = 45° able to provide continuous global coverage

N ATIONAL P OLAR-ORBITING O PERATIONAL E NVIRONMENTAL S ATELLITE S YSTEM GEO Walker 7/7/5 Animation Satellite Coverage -Animation runs over 24 hours with 15 minute steps -Time is indicated in white at top of movie frame

N ATIONAL P OLAR-ORBITING O PERATIONAL E NVIRONMENTAL S ATELLITE S YSTEM NPOESS and GOES Benefit the Nation Accurate forecasts are critical to the protection of life, safety, and property NPOESS data will improve forecasts and warnings Improved forecasts will -Reduce loss of life and property -benefit US industry through increased productivity Weather permeates all aspects of military operations NPOESS data will provide situational awareness Situational Awareness is critical to -Combat Planning -Air Superiority -Winning the War Mozambique Floods