Classroom Technology Work at University of Washington Richard Anderson (UW) Ruth Anderson (UVa) Steve Wolfman (UBC)

Educational Technology …in the winter of 1813 & '14 … I attended a mathematical school kept in Boston…On entering his room, we were struck at the appearance of an ample Black Board suspended on the wall, with lumps of chalk on a ledge below, and cloths hanging at either side. I had never heard of such a thing before. [Samuel J. May, 1855]

Goal: Improve interaction in the classroom Provide flexible mechanism for delivery presentation Support interaction between student and instructor devices around presentation materials

Classroom Presenter Integration of slides and digital ink using Tablet PC Key ideas: Ink overlay on images Distributed application Many other systems also support ink and slides

Ink Usage In Exposition Initial motivation Increase flexibility of slide based presentation Adjust presentation in response to the audience

When is ink important? Ink is NOT always important for slide based presentation Classroom presentation is different from professional / conference / meeting presentation Ink is important when: The instructor interacts with the audience Displayed material is the focus of attention

Examples of Ink Usage Slides from selected university courses Demonstrate range of use in class

Attentional ink and incidental writing

Writing with mathematical content

Stepping through example

Diagram augmentation

Diagram Augmentation Instructor view

Rich Diagrams

Fill-in simulation

Process Trace

Collective Brainstorming

Collective Brainstorm Instructor View

Ink based demonstration Quikwrite [Perlin, NYU]

Instructor notes Different layers available in different views Base, Instructor, Student, Shared PPT Plug in allows creation of notes

Presenter Configurations Single Machine (1 Tablet PC) Direct projection from instructor view Single view, tethered Projection of second monitor from tablet Multiple views, but tethered Multiple Machine (1 Tablet PC + Other devices) Wireless connection to display view Multiple views, untethered Distance learning and integration with student devices

Presenter Features Tablet PC Ink Multiple Colors Highlighter Stroke Erase Page Erase Undo Slide Minimize Whiteboard Multiple Decks Filmstrip Navigation Slide previews Ink Export

Form factor issues Carrying the tablet while lecturing Some like to carry the tablet, others don’t Weight and size are issues Eye gaze is a problem Vision angle and reflection can be problems for instructor Tablet button fumbles “And I see Windows is shutting down” “Here is the Australian view”

Interaction with student devices Student note taking Classroom Presenter Student View, RemarkableText (Brown U.), One Note Embedded Classroom Activities SIP (Structured Interaction Presentations) Student Submissions

Resources cs.washington.edu/education/dl/presenter/ Software Downloads Papers Contact info Richard Anderson, Ruth Anderson, Steve Wolfman,

Student Submissions with Classroom Presenter Ruth Anderson

Student Submissions Students annotate slide Submit ink to instructor Instructor selectively displays student responses to the class Motivation: to promote student involvement with lecture

Trace the path of Lewis and Clark from Saint Louis to Astoria

Find the roots of x 2 + 3x + 4

Show that increasing supply of housing lowers equilibrium price p Q D,Q S pepe 100

Student Submissions Supports Active Learning where students with Tablet PCs can complete an activity submit anonymously student work reviewed/discussed/augmented selectively by instructor electronic copy of student work available after class use rich backgrounds and color

Preliminary experiences Problem solving in parallel Multiple solutions and misconceptions Allow independent work Spontaneous activities with structure Build on instructor designs or scaffolding

Uncover Common Errors

Compare Different Approaches

Use Background Slide & Color

Solve Different Problems in Parallel

Problem Solving

Assessment of Student Learning

Spontaneous Activities

Resources cs.washington.edu/education/dl/presenter/ Software Downloads Papers Contact info Richard Anderson, Ruth Anderson, Steve Wolfman,

Steve Wolfman Structured Interaction Presentations

Modern Pedagogy vs. Modern Practice active learning participatory interactive student-directed lecture instructor-dominated passive disconnected

Goals of Structured Interaction Presentation System (SIP) Keep best of PPT & augment interaction Integrate into the “mediating” slides Support intuitive and flexible design Facilitate interaction in class Enable new kinds of interaction Make design and execution of interactive presentations as easy as for passive ones.

Try Your Hand Are these on the same or distinct topics? Which would you rather discuss? Of those who died from receiving the vaccine, what percentage had compro- mised immune systems? What are the death rates for specific groups who received this vaccine?

Group Members

Group “Winners”

Related Work: KLAs Active learning [Bonwell & Eison] Active learning in CS [McConnell] “Manipulatives” [Hollingsworth] Computerless labs [Pollard & Forbes] Learning Styles Index [Felder & Silverman] Sensorimotor learning [Piaget]

Related Systems ActiveClass [Griswold] Cell-phone feedback [Brittain] ClassTalk [Dufresne] Pebbles [Myers] Debbie/DyKnow [Berque] WILD [Roschelle]

Related Pedagogy Classroom Assessment Techniques [Angelo & Cross] CATs in Computer Science [Schwarm & VanDeGrift] Cooperative/Collaborative Learning [Johnson & Johnson]

SIP Architecture Presentation design environment Presentation/ Widget database Instructor view Viewer scrnsht Viewer scrnsht Viewer scrnsht Student views Interactive widget design environment