A NEW SPECIES OF SHELL-FORMING SEA ANEMONE FROM AUSTRALIA Andrea L. Crowther Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology.

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Presentation transcript:

A NEW SPECIES OF SHELL-FORMING SEA ANEMONE FROM AUSTRALIA Andrea L. Crowther Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology

Overview Associations between hermit crabs and anemones occur in nature Hermit crab and Stylobates Described species of Stylobates New species found from Australia

Hermit crab and anemones Hermit crabs live in abandoned snail shells Anemones attach to shell Crabs change shells as grow, sometimes transfer anemones From shallow tropical areas to deep sea General dynamics of relationships

Stylobates Deep sea ( m) Always host to hermit crab Obligate symbiosis for anemone Shell-forming! One anemone per crab

Benefits for the symbionts For the crab –Protection –Shell to live in –Long term accommodation For the anemone –Transport –Food availability

The shell Carcinoecium Chitinous secretion Anemone coats and extends hermit crab’s shell Mistaken for a snail’s shell 03/0312mon.pdf

Co-evolution ?

Stylobates aeneus Original description of shell Anemone discarded! Location: Hawaii and Guam (Pacific Ocean) m deep

Stylobates distribution Stylobates aeneus; Stylobates cancrisocia; Stylobates loisetteae; Stylobates n.sp.

Stylobates cancrisocia Location: East Africa (Indian Ocean) 818 m deep 3 specimens

Stylobates loisetteae Location: west coast of Australia m deep Wide oral disc Oral disc position

A new species Location: north east Australia m deep 10 specimens Size ranging from 5-9 cm length Study of morphology

Species comparisons S. aeneusS. cancrisociaS. loisetteaeNew species LocalityHawaii/GuamE. AfricaW. AustraliaE. Australia Marginal sphincter muscle Endodermal, circumscribed, pinnate Endodermal, circumscribed, palmate Orientation on shell Mouth behind and below aperture of shell Mouth near aperture of shell Mouth facing away from aperture of shell Mouth near aperture of shell

Review Stylobates anemones are found in the deep sea Form associations with hermit crabs Produce carcinoecium New species found from north east coast of Australia

Acknowledgments Supervisors: –Dr. Daphne Fautin (KU) –Dr. Carden Wallace (MTQ, Australia) Collectors: –Dr. Alistair Birtles (JCU, Australia) –The late Dr. Peter Arnold (MTQ, Australia) Sigma Xi Questions?