Body Image= How you see your body and the way you feel about it.

The average American woman is 5'4" tall and weighs 140 pounds The average American woman is 5'4" tall and weighs 140 pounds The average American model is 5'11" tall and weighs 117 pounds The average American model is 5'11" tall and weighs 117 pounds

Half of 9 and 10-year-old girls feel better about themselves if they are on a diet Half of 9 and 10-year-old girls feel better about themselves if they are on a diet 42% of 1st-3rd grade girls want to be thinner 42% of 1st-3rd grade girls want to be thinner 81% of 10 year olds are afraid of being fat 81% of 10 year olds are afraid of being fat

5-10 million adolescent girls and women and 1 million boys struggle with eating disorders and borderline conditions 5-10 million adolescent girls and women and 1 million boys struggle with eating disorders and borderline conditions –3% of girls and young females suffer from anorexia –4% of girls and young females suffer from bulimia

Eating disorders can last between 1 and 15 years, but usually don't result in death Eating disorders can last between 1 and 15 years, but usually don't result in death About 1000 women die each year from an eating disorder About 1000 women die each year from an eating disorder

What is anorexia? A serious disorder in which a person starves themselves.

Judy Skinner is a recovered anorexic. Judy Sargent Judy Sargent 20 years old

Judy gave these reasons for becoming anorexic: 1.Loss of twin brother 2.Low self-esteem 3.Perfectionist 4.Parent's divorce 5.Parents obsession with weight 6.Father said she was "fat" and needed to lose weight. 7.Kids at school used to tease her and call her “chipmunk cheeks."

Judy Skinner is a recovered anorexic. Judy Sargent Judy Sargent 20 years old 36 years old

WHY WOULD A PERSON DEVELOP ANOREXIA? #1 Media/Social pressures

What was beautiful?

Marilyn Monroe vs. Calista Flockhart

Marilyn Monroe vs. Cortney/Jennifer

What is beautiful today?

#2 Anxiety and/or Stress

#3 Low self-esteem and unhappiness

#4 Controlling family members

#5 Family emphasis on physical appearance

#6 Mother had an eating disorder

#7 Perfectionism

Warning Signs of Anorexia: Intense fear of gaining weight Intense fear of gaining weight Skips meals by making up excuses Skips meals by making up excuses Will not eat in front of others Will not eat in front of others Wears baggy clothing Wears baggy clothing Degrades his/her body frequently Degrades his/her body frequently Denial of hunger Denial of hunger Excessive exercising Excessive exercising

Warning Signs of Anorexia: Hair growth Hair growth –More on body and face –Loss on head Absent or irregular menstrual periods Absent or irregular menstrual periods Perfectionist Perfectionist Depressed/Lonely/Anxious/Empty/Hopeless Depressed/Lonely/Anxious/Empty/Hopeless Moody/Irritable Moody/Irritable Strange selections of food Strange selections of food Reads food labels constantly Reads food labels constantly

Health Effects Fatigue and lack of energy Fatigue and lack of energy Amenorrhea (loss of menstruation) Amenorrhea (loss of menstruation) Skin problems Skin problems Dizziness and headaches Dizziness and headaches Dehydration Dehydration Shortness of breath Shortness of breath Irregular heartbeats Irregular heartbeats Cold hands and feet Cold hands and feet Bloating Bloating Constipation and stomachache Constipation and stomachache

Health Effects Hair loss & Lanugo (fine downy hair) Hair loss & Lanugo (fine downy hair) Edema (water retention) Edema (water retention) Decreased metabolic rate Decreased metabolic rate Infertility Infertility Delayed development in puberty Delayed development in puberty Depression Depression Osteoporosis Osteoporosis

Health Effects Insomnia Insomnia Electrolyte imbalances Electrolyte imbalances Kidney and liver damage Kidney and liver damage Anemia Cathartic colon Anemia Cathartic colon Low potassium (most common cause of nocturnal cardiac arrest) Low potassium (most common cause of nocturnal cardiac arrest) Cardiac arrest and death Cardiac arrest and death

What is bulimia? Frequent episodes of binge eating followed by one of the following: - Vomiting - Using laxatives - Fasting - Over exercising

Most people with bulimia are at a normal weight or are slightly overweight.

WHY WOULD A PERSON BINGE? #1 To fill a void inside

Binge Eating

#2 To hide negative emotions #3 To cope with daily stresses and problems

Why would a person purge? Because of guilt and depression of having binged.

Warning Signs of Bulimia: Worried about body weight Worried about body weight Excessive food consumption Excessive food consumption Frequent trips to the bathroom after eating Frequent trips to the bathroom after eating Blood shot eyes Blood shot eyes Sore throat Sore throat Exercises excessively Exercises excessively Irregular menstrual periods Irregular menstrual periods Dental problems (tooth enamel wears away) Dental problems (tooth enamel wears away) Depression and/or mood swings Depression and/or mood swings

Statistics It typically develops in early to mid- adolescents. It typically develops in early to mid- adolescents. Relatively uncommon in men only about 10% of individuals diagnosed with bulimia are men. Relatively uncommon in men only about 10% of individuals diagnosed with bulimia are men. Bulimia Nervosa affects 1-3% of middle and high school girls and 1-10% of college age women. Bulimia Nervosa affects 1-3% of middle and high school girls and 1-10% of college age women. 10% of individuals suffering from bulimia will die from starvation, cardiac arrest, other medical complications, or suicide. 10% of individuals suffering from bulimia will die from starvation, cardiac arrest, other medical complications, or suicide.

Health Effects Abrasions on back of hands and knuckles Abrasions on back of hands and knuckles Endocrine Disruption Endocrine Disruption –Amenorrhea (loss of menstruation) and irregular menstruation –Hair loss Fatigue and lack of energy Fatigue and lack of energy –Low blood pressure –Headaches –Dizziness –Depression

Health Effects Digestive Digestive –Stomach pain and bloating –Constipation and diarrhea –Electrolyte imbalances –Erosion of teeth enamel –Tears of esophagus –Chronic sore throat –Development of peptic ulcers and pancreatitis (inflammation of the pancreas) –Dehydration –Cathartic colon (caused from laxative abuse) –Edema (swelling of hands and feet) –Gastric dilation and rupture

Health Effects Cardiovascular Cardiovascular –Anemia –Shortness of breath –Irregular heartbeats –Kidney and liver damage –Chest pains –Cardiac arrest and death

If you drank one 12oz.can of soda daily and did not increase your physical activity, what would happen? Average 12oz soda= 160 calories 160 calories X 365 days= 58,400 calories per year 3,500 calories = 1 pound 58,400 calories divide by 3,500 calories= pounds of weight gain What would happen if you drank one 44oz Big Gulp daily? One 44 oz Big Gulp = 513 calories Answer: 53.5 pounds How much does your drink really weigh?

How many Food Pyramid daily servings do YOU really need? Most women Active women Active men Children (2-6) Most men Teen Boys Older children Teen girls Total Calories 1,600 2,200 2,800___ Food groups Milk/dairy 222 Protein 2 23 Vegetables 345 Fruit 234 Grains 6911 Fats 223

Five key nutrition messages: More fruits and vegetables. More fruits and vegetables. More whole grains, fewer processed foods overall. More whole grains, fewer processed foods overall. More water, fewer “caloric” drinks. More water, fewer “caloric” drinks. Replace bad fats with “good” fats. Replace bad fats with “good” fats. Be aware of Be aware of portion sizes.

20-40 minutes 3-4 times per week aerobic fitness minutes, 3-4 times a week for weight loss 30 minutes everyday for health Physical Activity Pyramid Children up to 18 years should have a minimum of 60 minutes daily of physical activity

Surgeon General’s Physical Activity Recommendation 30 minutes of activity 30 minutes of activity 4-5 times a week. 4-5 times a week. Can be broken up. Can be broken up. Reduced risk for Cardio Vascular Disease, diabetes, osteoporosis, obesity, improves mood, some forms of cancer. Reduced risk for Cardio Vascular Disease, diabetes, osteoporosis, obesity, improves mood, some forms of cancer.

Health Effects Obesity Obesity Menstrual irregularities Menstrual irregularities Diabetes Diabetes High blood pressure High blood pressure High cholesterol High cholesterol Osteoarthritis Osteoarthritis Decreased mobility Decreased mobility

Health Effects Shortness of breath Shortness of breath Heart disease Heart disease Liver and kidney problems Liver and kidney problems Cardiac arrest and/or death Cardiac arrest and/or death Gallbladder disease Gallbladder disease Certain types of cancer Certain types of cancer

4,000 Approximate number of annual pedestrian deaths in America.

40,000 Approximate total annual deaths in motor vehicle crashes.

400,000 Approximate annual deaths due to sedentary living and poor nutrition.

40,000,000,000

$40,000,000,000 Approximate direct annual medical expenditures due to obesity, borne by taxpayers. (Obesity Research, Finkelstein et.al., Jan, ’04)

It’s not just an obesity epidemic. It’s an epidemic of physical inactivity and poor nutrition.