Basic Ecology I Energy Types of Ecosystems Productivity Energy Flow Trophic levels Food webs/chains.

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Presentation transcript:

Basic Ecology I Energy Types of Ecosystems Productivity Energy Flow Trophic levels Food webs/chains

Energy: the ability to do work Moving matter over a distance/ a heat transfer between two objects Kinetic energy: energy contained in moving objects Potential energy: stored energy Heat: energy transferred between objects High and Low quality energy: concentrated versus diffused Ie, wind compared to oil

Thermodynamics 1 st law: energy is conserved 2 nd law: with energy transfer, less energy becomes available Potential and kinetic energy

Energy and Ecosystems Chemosynthesis

Ecosystems

Productivity Limits to Primary production Light Nutrients Water Temperature

Energy Source for Ecosystem Energy flows through ecosystem Not recycled like matter Continuous supply Solar energy Enters ecosystem through photosynthesis

Equations for production Biomass 1 = biomass 2 – NP (net production) Three currencies of energy flow: biomass, energy content, carbon content

Trophic levels Autotrophs (Producers) Heterotrophs (Consumers) Detritivores (Decomposers)

Trophic levels Autotrophs (Producers) Heterotrophs (Consumers) Detritivores (Decomposers)

Chemosynthetic Light is not the source of energy

Energy & Biomass

Energy and Biomass

Food Chains/Webs

Aquatic Food webs

Limits to Food Chain Length Energetic Hypothesis Inefficiency of energy transfer 10% rule Dynamic stability hypothesis (length of chain)

Applications Human trophic Level Dependent of where we Eat in the food chain. Should Humans eat lower on the Food Chain? Biomagnification Toxic materials: DDT, Hg, Pb

Summary Energy determines the limits of the food supply Energy is fixed by autotrophs Energy flow between levels depends on the efficiency of energy transfer

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