Struggle for the Hearts and Minds on Both Sides of the Iron Curtain PSC783 Cold War Propaganda: Part I ©2008 Olga Zatepilina, Syracuse University.

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Struggle for the Hearts and Minds on Both Sides of the Iron Curtain PSC783 Cold War Propaganda: Part I ©2008 Olga Zatepilina, Syracuse University

Pre-Cold War Establishment 1919 WWI, President Wilson; Commission on Public Information (CPI) a.k.a. the Creel Commission 1938 WWII, President Roosevelt; Office of War Information; USIS; cultural exchange 1942 Voice of America First broadcast: First broadcast in Russian: Fulbright Act, student/ Scholar Exchange 2PSC783 Cold War Propaganda

The enemy is always listening… PSC783 Cold War Propaganda3

Cold War Establishment 1948 President Truman; Marshall Plan; Smith-Mundt Act; U.S. Advisory Commission on Information; USIA decision; U.S.-U.K. Fulbright Commission Fulbright & International Visitors Program & Die Neue Zeitung in Germany; 1950 Radio Free Europe 1953 USIA (+VOA); DOS (+ Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs, a.k.a. CU); Radio Liberty PSC783 Cold War Propaganda4

Shades of Red PSC783 Cold War Propaganda5

Cold War Establishment, cont’d 1961 Fulbright-Hays Act (a.k.a. Mutual Educational and Cultural Exchange Act) 1973 Board of International Broadcasting (BIB) 1976 RFE+RL 1977 or 1979 President Carter; USIA+CU=USICA 1980s Radio/TV Marti, Worldnet TV Listen to Willis Conover: PSC783 Cold War Propaganda6

Campaign of Truth “This is a struggle, above all else, for the minds of men. Propaganda is one of the most powerful weapons the Communists have in this struggle. … This propaganda can be overcome by truth— plain, simple, unvarnished— presented by newspapers, radio, newsreels, and other sources that people trust…” President Truman, 1950 in Tuch, 1990, p. 15 PSC783 Cold War Propaganda7

Post-Cold War Establishment 1988 Sec. Gen.Gorbachev ends jamming 1994 President Clinton; International Broadcasting Act; International Broadcasting Bureau (IBB) at USIA 1996 Radio Free Asia Listen: USIA+State merger PSC783 Cold War Propaganda8

U.S. vs. Soviet PSC783 Cold War Propaganda9

Behind the Iron Curtain Department of Campaigns and Propaganda (a.k.a. Agitprop) 1920s-1930s Agitprop Theater in Europe & Trains in USSR 1922 Radio Moscow in English, French, Italian, German 1939 Radio Moscow in Arabic Советское информационное бюро (a.k.a. Sovinformburo) 1944 Propaganda Bureau for foreign countries at Sovinformburo 10PSC783 Cold War Propaganda

Behind the Iron Curtain, cont’d “The point of censorship is that you wouldn't deviate one word from the official party line… But they spent about as much money on jamming foreign stations as on broadcasting from here…” Joe Adamov, Mailbag, Radio Moscow, PSC783 Cold War Propaganda11

Behind the Iron Curtain, cont’d 1950 Radio Moscow relays in Vladivostok 1961 Sovinformburo transformed into Novosti Press Agency (today RIA Novosti) 1961 Radio Moscow in Amharic, Swahili & Hausa 1970 Radio Moscow World Service, 70 languages 1989 Voice of Russia 1991 World Service of the Voice of Russia Listen: 12PSC783 Cold War Propaganda

Soviet Peace Posters PSC783 Cold War Propaganda13

Us vs. Them PSC783 Cold War Propaganda14

Us vs. Them, cont’d PSC783 Cold War Propaganda15

Us vs. Them, cont’d PSC783 Cold War Propaganda16

Us vs. Them, cont’d PSC783 Cold War Propaganda17

Watch video: PSC783 Cold War Propaganda18 Us vs. Them, cont’d

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