Linguistics StructuralGenerative Ferdinand de Saussure 1916 Noam Chomsky 1950s As an approach to linguistics, structural linguistics involves collecting.

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Presentation transcript:

Linguistics StructuralGenerative Ferdinand de Saussure 1916 Noam Chomsky 1950s As an approach to linguistics, structural linguistics involves collecting a corpus of utterances and then applying discovery procedures to them in an attempt to classify all of the elements of the corpus at their different linguistic levels: the phonemes, morphemes, word classes, noun phrases, verb phrases, and sentence types. A generative grammar of a language attempts to give a set of rules that will correctly predict which combinations of words will form grammatical sentences. In most approaches to generative grammar, the rules will also predict the morphology of a sentence. Descriptive linguistics is the work of analyzing and describing how language is spoken (or how it was spoken in the past) by a group of people in a speech community

Phrase structure Context sensitive Context free Finite state Universal grammar

⌂aba╨╨… START 123START 4 (a,a,R) (b,b,R) (a,a,R) (b,b,R) (╨, ╨,R) Language?

START 1235 (a,A,R)(b,B,L) (a,a,R) (B,B,R) (╨, ╨,R) HALT4 (A,A,R) (a,a,L) (B,B,L)(B,B,R) (A,A,R) Language?{a n b n } aaabbb

START 1235 (a,A,R)(b,B,L) (a,a,R) (B,B,R) (╨, ╨,R) HALT4 (A,A,R) (a,a,L) (B,B,L)(B,B,R) (A,A,R) {a n b n } Aaabbb aaabbb

START 1235 (a,A,R)(b,B,L) (a,a,R) (B,B,R) (╨, ╨,R) HALT4 (A,A,R) (a,a,L) (B,B,L)(B,B,R) (A,A,R) {a n b n } Aaabbb aaabbb

START 1235 (a,A,R)(b,B,L) (a,a,R) (B,B,R) (╨, ╨,R) HALT4 (A,A,R) (a,a,L) (B,B,L)(B,B,R) (A,A,R) {a n b n } Aaabbb aaabbb

START 1235 (a,A,R)(b,B,L) (a,a,R) (B,B,R) (╨, ╨,R) HALT4 (A,A,R) (a,a,L) (B,B,L)(B,B,R) (A,A,R) {a n b n } Aaabbb aaabbb

START 1235 (a,A,R)(b,B,L) (a,a,R) (B,B,R) (╨, ╨,R) HALT4 (A,A,R) (a,a,L) (B,B,L)(B,B,R) (A,A,R) {a n b n } Aaabbb AaaBbb aaabbb

START 1235 (a,A,R)(b,B,L) (a,a,R) (B,B,R) (╨, ╨,R) HALT4 (A,A,R) (a,a,L) (B,B,L)(B,B,R) (A,A,R) {a n b n } Aaabbb AaaBbb aaabbb

START 1235 (a,A,R)(b,B,L) (a,a,R) (B,B,R) (╨, ╨,R) HALT4 (A,A,R) (a,a,L) (B,B,L)(B,B,R) (A,A,R) {a n b n } AaabbbAaaBbb Aaabbb AaaBbb aaabbb

START 1235 (a,A,R)(b,B,L) (a,a,R) (B,B,R) (╨, ╨,R) HALT4 (A,A,R) (a,a,L) (B,B,L)(B,B,R) (A,A,R) {a n b n } AaabbbAaaBbb AaabbbAAaBbb Aaabbb AaaBbb aaabbb

START 1235 (a,A,R)(b,B,L) (a,a,R) (B,B,R) (╨, ╨,R) HALT4 (A,A,R) (a,a,L) (B,B,L)(B,B,R) (A,A,R) {a n b n } AaabbbAaaBbb AaabbbAAaBbb AaabbbAAaBbb Aaabbb AaaBbb aaabbb

START 1235 (a,A,R)(b,B,L) (a,a,R) (B,B,R) (╨, ╨,R) HALT4 (A,A,R) (a,a,L) (B,B,L)(B,B,R) (A,A,R) {a n b n } AaabbbAaaBbb AaabbbAAaBbb AaabbbAAaBbb AaabbbAAaBbb AaaBbb aaabbb

START 1235 (a,A,R)(b,B,L) (a,a,R) (B,B,R) (╨, ╨,R) HALT4 (A,A,R) (a,a,L) (B,B,L)(B,B,R) (A,A,R) {a n b n } AaabbbAaaBbb AaabbbAAaBbb AaabbbAAaBbb AaabbbAAaBbb AaaBbbAAaBBb AaaBbb aaabbb

START 1235 (a,A,R)(b,B,L) (a,a,R) (B,B,R) (╨, ╨,R) HALT4 (A,A,R) (a,a,L) (B,B,L)(B,B,R) (A,A,R) {a n b n } AaabbbAaaBbb AaabbbAAaBbb AaabbbAAaBbb AaabbbAAaBbb AaaBbbAAaBBb AaaBbbAAaBBb aaabbb

START 1235 (a,A,R)(b,B,L) (a,a,R) (B,B,R) (╨, ╨,R) HALT4 (A,A,R) (a,a,L) (B,B,L)(B,B,R) (A,A,R) {a n b n } AaabbbAaaBbbAAaBBb AaabbbAAaBbb AaabbbAAaBbb AaabbbAAaBbb AaaBbbAAaBBb AaaBbbAAaBBb aaabbb

START 1235 (a,A,R)(b,B,L) (a,a,R) (B,B,R) (╨, ╨,R) HALT4 (A,A,R) (a,a,L) (B,B,L)(B,B,R) (A,A,R) {a n b n } AaabbbAaaBbbAAaBBb AaabbbAAaBbbAAaBBb AaabbbAAaBbb AaabbbAAaBbb AaaBbbAAaBBb AaaBbbAAaBBb aaabbb

START 1235 (a,A,R)(b,B,L) (a,a,R) (B,B,R) (╨, ╨,R) HALT4 (A,A,R) (a,a,L) (B,B,L)(B,B,R) (A,A,R) {a n b n } AaabbbAaaBbbAAaBBb AaabbbAAaBbbAAaBBb AaabbbAAaBbbAAABBb AaabbbAAaBbb AaaBbbAAaBBb AaaBbbAAaBBb aaabbb

START 1235 (a,A,R)(b,B,L) (a,a,R) (B,B,R) (╨, ╨,R) HALT4 (A,A,R) (a,a,L) (B,B,L)(B,B,R) (A,A,R) {a n b n } AaabbbAaaBbbAAaBBb AaabbbAAaBbbAAaBBb AaabbbAAaBbbAAABBb AaabbbAAaBbbAAABBb AaaBbbAAaBBb AaaBbbAAaBBb aaabbb

START 1235 (a,A,R)(b,B,L) (a,a,R) (B,B,R) (╨, ╨,R) HALT4 (A,A,R) (a,a,L) (B,B,L)(B,B,R) (A,A,R) {a n b n } AaabbbAaaBbbAAaBBb AaabbbAAaBbbAAaBBb AaabbbAAaBbbAAABBb AaabbbAAaBbbAAABBb AaaBbbAAaBBbAAABBb AaaBbbAAaBBb aaabbb

START 1235 (a,A,R)(b,B,L) (a,a,R) (B,B,R) (╨, ╨,R) HALT4 (A,A,R) (a,a,L) (B,B,L)(B,B,R) (A,A,R) {a n b n } AaabbbAaaBbbAAaBBb AaabbbAAaBbbAAaBBb AaabbbAAaBbbAAABBb AaabbbAAaBbbAAABBb AaaBbbAAaBBbAAABBb AaaBbbAAaBBbAAABBB aaabbb

START 1235 (a,A,R)(b,B,L) (a,a,R) (B,B,R) (╨, ╨,R) HALT4 (A,A,R) (a,a,L) (B,B,L)(B,B,R) (A,A,R) {a n b n } AaabbbAaaBbbAAaBBbAAABBB AaabbbAAaBbbAAaBBb AaabbbAAaBbbAAABBb AaabbbAAaBbbAAABBb AaaBbbAAaBBbAAABBb AaaBbbAAaBBbAAABBB aaabbb

START 1235 (a,A,R)(b,B,L) (a,a,R) (B,B,R) (╨, ╨,R) HALT4 (A,A,R) (a,a,L) (B,B,L)(B,B,R) (A,A,R) {a n b n } AaabbbAaaBbbAAaBBbAAABBB AaabbbAAaBbbAAaBBbAAABBB AaabbbAAaBbbAAABBb AaabbbAAaBbbAAABBb AaaBbbAAaBBbAAABBb AaaBbbAAaBBbAAABBB aaabbb

START 1235 (a,A,R)(b,B,L) (a,a,R) (B,B,R) (╨, ╨,R) HALT4 (A,A,R) (a,a,L) (B,B,L)(B,B,R) (A,A,R) {a n b n } AaabbbAaaBbbAAaBBbAAABBB AaabbbAAaBbbAAaBBbAAABBB AaabbbAAaBbbAAABBbAAABBB AaabbbAAaBbbAAABBb AaaBbbAAaBBbAAABBb AaaBbbAAaBBbAAABBB aaabbb

START 1235 (a,A,R)(b,B,L) (a,a,R) (B,B,R) (╨, ╨,R) HALT4 (A,A,R) (a,a,L) (B,B,L)(B,B,R) (A,A,R) {a n b n } AaabbbAaaBbbAAaBBbAAABBB AaabbbAAaBbbAAaBBbAAABBB AaabbbAAaBbbAAABBbAAABBB AaabbbAAaBbbAAABBbAAABBB AaaBbbAAaBBbAAABBb AaaBbbAAaBBbAAABBB aaabbb

START 1235 (a,A,R)(b,B,L) (a,a,R) (B,B,R) (╨, ╨,R) HALT4 (A,A,R) (a,a,L) (B,B,L)(B,B,R) (A,A,R) {a n b n } AaabbbAaaBbbAAaBBbAAABBB AaabbbAAaBbbAAaBBbAAABBB AaabbbAAaBbbAAABBbAAABBB AaabbbAAaBbbAAABBbAAABBB AaaBbbAAaBBbAAABBbAAABBB AaaBbbAAaBBbAAABBB aaabbb

START 1235 (a,A,R)(b,B,L) (a,a,R) (B,B,R) (╨, ╨,R) HALT4 (A,A,R) (a,a,L) (B,B,L)(B,B,R) (A,A,R) {a n b n } AaabbbAaaBbbAAaBBbAAABBB AaabbbAAaBbbAAaBBbAAABBB AaabbbAAaBbbAAABBbAAABBB AaabbbAAaBbbAAABBbAAABBB AaaBbbAAaBBbAAABBbAAABBB AaaBbbAAaBBbAAABBBAAABBB ╨ aaabbb

START 1235 (a,A,R)(b,B,L) (a,a,R) (B,B,R) (╨, ╨,R) HALT4 (A,A,R) (a,a,L) (B,B,L)(B,B,R) (A,A,R) {a n b n } AaabbbAaaBbbAAaBBbAAABBB AaabbbAAaBbbAAaBBbAAABBB AaabbbAAaBbbAAABBbAAABBB AaabbbAAaBbbAAABBbAAABBB AaaBbbAAaBBbAAABBbAAABBB AaaBbbAAaBBbAAABBBAAABBB ╨ aaabbb HALT