MD3 Medicines that send messages to nerves

Noradrenaline is released from nerve ends when we get scared or excited.

Noradrenaline binds to receptor molecules and causes: Blood pressure increased Heart rate increased Bronchioles( airways in the lungs) widened Sweating increased.

Noradrenaline has the structure : Name 3 functional groups. phenol primary amine Secondary alcohol phenol

Asthma affect about 5% of the population. The airways in the lungs become narrow and inflamed and filled with mucus. This makes the sufferer breathless.

Noradrenalin is the lead compound having some of the right effect but also unacceptable side effects It widens the bronchioles but causes increased blood pressure, heart rate and sweating. Isoprenaline was used for many years but still affects the heart. Salbutamol was developed which is more selective.

isoprenaline salbutamol What are the differences from noradrenaline ? Secondary amine group Primary alcohol

isoprenaline salbutamol The enantiomer of salbutamol is 68 times less effective. Suggest a reason for this ? The receptor molecule is chiral so one isomer fits better.

The Pharmacophore is the group of atoms required for pharmacological activity. Draw the pharmacophore for Bronchial Dilation.

A compound that contains the pharmacophore will act on the receptor. It is called an Agonist A compound that contains only part of the pharmacophore will bind to the receptor but not trigger the response. It will block the body’s neurotransmitters from binding. It is called an Antagonist

Propranolol is a noradrenaline antagonist. It blocks the β-receptors that control heart muscles. What are the differences that prevent it triggering as response?