Presentation 1 – Understanding Cleaner Production1 Presentation 1 Presentation 1 Understanding Cleaner Production

Presentation 1 – Understanding Cleaner Production 2 What will we learn here? 1 Understanding Cleaner Production The Concept of Cleaner Production The Evolution of Cleaner Production The Definition of Cleaner Production Other Terminologies and their relationship to Cleaner Production Barriers to Cleaner Production Mainstreaming Cleaner Production

Presentation 1 – Understanding Cleaner Production3 The Concept of Cleaner Production Next Slide

Presentation 1 – Understanding Cleaner Production4 History of Responses to Pollution Ignore the Problem The solution to pollution is dilution Treat pollution by end-of-pipe approach Prevention of pollution and waste generation at source The Concept of Cleaner Production

Presentation 1 – Understanding Cleaner Production5 Case study 1Reactive Chemical Industries Corporation Case study 2PAC Foods Inc. Case Study 3Relax Hotels Understanding through case studies Manufacturing Products Services

Presentation 1 – Understanding Cleaner Production6 Case Study 1 – Reactive Chemical Industries Corporation RCIC specializes production of additives for the processing of high polymer materials The story……. Wastewater discharge kills fish in the river Monitoring and assessment reveals high Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) in wastewater RCIC builds Wastewater Treatment Plant (WTP) – high capital cost Tightening of COD standards RCIC goes for dilution, lays down an outfall in river Standards are further tightened Corresponding upgradation in WTP not economically feasible Change of perspective needed in looking at the problem In-plant cleaner production assessment Implements pollution prevention options within 6 months RCIC now meets the effluent discharge standards and improves productivity by 15%; Saves on water and raw materials consumption

Presentation 1 – Understanding Cleaner Production7 Case Study 1 – Reactive Chemical Industries Corporation What can we learn from this case study? If reactive approach had been avoided, substantial amount time, land, money and other resources could have been saved Pollution management need not be a liability if proactive approach is employed Minimizing resource use, reducing wastes can improve productivity and profitability

Presentation 1 – Understanding Cleaner Production8 Case Study 2 – PAC Foods PAC Foods supplies food-packaging solutions to restaurants. The story……. Father starts company three decades ago Son takes over to find a difficult situation at hand Solid waste management becoming an important issue PAC Foods’ packaging waste is very high In response, introduction of ‘LessWaste’ Initiative, through team work First six months sees elimination of 7500 tons of superfluous packaging, Innovative ideas on redesign of napkins, shipment boxes and paper containers bring in major waste reduction and toxics elimination Community appreciates the move Net savings of US $250,000 Staff involved in ‘LessWaste’ Initiative are awarded

Presentation 1 – Understanding Cleaner Production9 Case Study 2 – PAC Foods What can we learn from this case study? Cleaner production not limited to manufacturing alone but also for product design LessWaste initiative at PAC Foods was not driven by regulations! PAC Foods focused on proactive approach Teamwork and Profit sharing amongst employees lead to better results Benefits of initiative not limited to PAC Foods premises - Trees were saved, fuel consumption was reduced, lesser environmental risk and better worker health and community safety due to toxics use reduction Improved market image means more business

Presentation 1 – Understanding Cleaner Production10 Case Study 3 – Relax Hotel Smiths operated a 40-room hotel called Relax at a hill station The story……. Lately, Relax was losing its business to increasing competition Operating costs were high Smiths began with an energy and water audit Several options were implemented that lead to savings of US$ 26,000 and 3.4 MWh of energy Operating costs came down Sharing of these achievements improved hotel image Smiths realized that there was much more they could do using a preventive approach and further improve their profits

Presentation 1 – Understanding Cleaner Production11 Case Study 3 – Relax Hotel What can we learn from this case study? Cleaner production is not limited to manufacturing alone but also for the Service sector Cleaner production can be practiced based on findings of a water and energy audit. Audits should not be looked at as one time activity but as a recurring action in a larger continual improvement process

Presentation 1 – Understanding Cleaner Production12 What next? All three case studies suggest a strong link between productivity and cleaner production: Improvement in Productivity means increase in outputs and decrease in inputs To be able to understand this linkage, lets look at how both productivity and cleaner production have evolved over time

Presentation 1 – Understanding Cleaner Production13 Evolution of Cleaner Production Next Slide

Presentation 1 – Understanding Cleaner Production14 Evolution of Productivity Milestones in Productivity Quantity (cost reduction approach) Quality and customer satisfaction (growing customer preferences and competition) Consistency in production (better quality in larger quantities on a continuous basis– TQM, TPM, ISO 9000)

Presentation 1 – Understanding Cleaner Production15 Evolution of Environmental Management - resource availability and pricing, - competition in business - need towards image-building, Milestones in environmental management - Ignore, - Dilute, - Treat, to - Cleaner Production Milestones in environmental management - Ignore, - Dilute, - Treat, to - Cleaner Production Forces influencing the change As productivity concepts expanded, environmental management also matured and broadened Tightening of environmental regulations Community pressures on defaulters Environmental management internalized in businesses through EMS / ISO Environmental factor integrated into productivity improvements (TQM to TQEM)

Presentation 1 – Understanding Cleaner Production16 Tracking the paths of productivity improvement and environmental management

Presentation 1 – Understanding Cleaner Production17 Definition of Cleaner Production Next Slide

Presentation 1 – Understanding Cleaner Production18 Cleaner Production Definition Cleaner Production is defined [1] as the continuous application of an integrated preventive environmental strategy applied to processes, products and services to increase overall efficiency, and reduce risks to humans and the environment. Cleaner Production can be applied to the processes used in any industry, to products themselves and to various services provided in society. [1] [1] United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) - Cleaner Production. Available at: cp/home.htm

Presentation 1 – Understanding Cleaner Production19 Key elements of the CP Definition Encourages continuous application Is not limited only to manufacturing industries or businesses of a certain type or size Does not deny or impede growth but insists that growth can be ecologically sustainable Considers life cycle impacts of producing goods and providing services Includes health and safety and emphasizes risk reduction Improves immediate efficiency as well as long term efficacy Win-Win-Win situation – for environment, community and business

Presentation 1 – Understanding Cleaner Production20 Cleaner Production Options Housekeeping Process Optimization Raw Material Substitution New Technology New Product Design Improving inventory management, material storage, material handling, organization of workplace, awareness and training to staff Rationalize and optimize production processes or operational practices, modify process sequence, modify operating parameters Substitute hazardous / banned raw materials with safer and eco-friendly alternatives in the processes Replace outdated, inefficient technologies with innovative, more efficient technologies Redesign products & byproducts to lessen damage to environment during manufacturing or useful life of products, improve product packaging

Presentation 1 – Understanding Cleaner Production21 Cleaner Production and Other Terminologies Next Slide

Presentation 1 – Understanding Cleaner Production22 Cleaner Production and other Terminologies 1.End-of-the-pipe technology 2.Recycle, reuse and recover 3.Waste minimization 4.Pollution Prevention 5.Design for the Environment 6.Eco-efficiency CLEANER PRODUCTION Waste focusFacility focus Life-cycle focus Regulation driven Responsibility driven Reactive approaches Preventive approaches 3

Presentation 1 – Understanding Cleaner Production23 Cleaner Production and EMS ISO offers a common standard approach based on the PDCA cycle While ISO integrates the basics of impact assessment and scenario building it does not clearly distinguish between pollution control and pollution prevention Thus, ISO certification is possible with end-of-pipe efforts alone and need not mandate improvement in environmental performance Cleaner production places emphasis on pollution prevention rather than control with clear improvement in environmental performance Use Cleaner Production within EMS framework

Presentation 1 – Understanding Cleaner Production24 Barriers to Cleaner Production Next Slide

Presentation 1 – Understanding Cleaner Production25 Barriers to implementing Cleaner Production Resistance to change Lack of information, expertise and adequate training Lack of communication within enterprises Competing business priorities - in particular, the pressure for short-term profits Perception of risk

Presentation 1 – Understanding Cleaner Production26 Barriers to implementing Cleaner Production Difficulty in accessing cleaner technology Accounting systems which fail to capture environmental costs and benefits Difficulty in accessing external finance Overwhelming regulatory approaches Perverse economic incentives e.g. subsidies on resources

Presentation 1 – Understanding Cleaner Production27 Overcoming barriers to cleaner production Strong need to mainstream cleaner production to overcome the barriers Role of CPCs / NCPCs has been crucial in mainstreaming cleaner production in many countries

Presentation 1 – Understanding Cleaner Production28 National Cleaner Production Centres / Cleaner Production Centres around the world

Presentation 1 – Understanding Cleaner Production29 Role of CPCs / NCPCs in Mainstreaming Cleaner Production CPCs have conducted numerous awareness programmes, training / capacity building activities and established partnerships with key institutions CPCs have successfully used Cleaner Production Assessments and Demonstration Projects as tools to promote and establish cleaner production One of the important roles the CPCs have played is information sharing. In many cases, CPCs have operated clearinghouses to provide case studies, contacts and guidance materials CPCs, especially in the CEE region have taken a lead interfacing with financial institutions. Here, CPCs have played a role in developing CP projects as well as for carrying out project appraisals to promote CP investments More recently, CPCs have started to play a catalytic role to orient the policy and regulatory framework towards cleaner production. Some CPCs have worked closely with the government to develop national CP policies and action plans

Presentation 1 – Understanding Cleaner Production 30 Key questions: Revisiting cleaner production 1.Isn’t cleaner production an obvious concept? Will it not be practiced by businesses and communities some time some day? Does it need to be marketed at all? 2.Based on your experience, which stakeholders and sectors of economy in your country are currently least aware of the cleaner production concept? What can be done to influence them? 3.What are the other concepts, tools, management systems etc according to you are close to cleaner production that make communicating cleaner production difficult? Why? 4.There are more than 1000 cleaner production demonstration projects completed all over the world today with hundreds of cleaner production case studies. Is there a need to demonstrate today that cleaner production actually works? Have you come across instances where cleaner production hasn’t worked? 5.Unsustainable Consumption is an issue of great concern today. How can cleaner production be promoted to influence the current consumption patterns?