Reading Exercise – TOEFL (Continued) Pertemuan 12 Matakuliah : G0602 / Bahasa Inggris 3 Tahun : 2007 Reading Exercise – TOEFL (Continued) Pertemuan 12

Contents Vocabulary questions TOEFL exercises Find definition from structural clues Determine meaning from words parts Use context to determine meaning of difficult words TOEFL exercises Bina Nusantara

Mahasiswa dapat menerangkan jawaban vocabulary questions . Learning Outcomes Mahasiswa dapat menerangkan jawaban vocabulary questions . Bina Nusantara

Reading Vocabulary Questions. A number of vocabulary questions will be tested in both the paper TOEFL test and the computer TOEFL test. On the paper test , the questions will always be multiple-choice questions. On the computer test, they may be multiple choice questions or click-on questions: you may be asked to look at one word in a passage and click on another word with a similar or opposite meaning, or you may asked to click on a word with a given meaning. To know the meaning is helpful. However, It is not necessary for you to know the meaning of the word; often there skills that you can use to help you find the correct answer to the question: (1) finding definition from structural clues, (2) determining meanings from word parts, and (3) using context clues to determine meanings. Bina Nusantara

Reading Skill 8: Find Definitions from Structural Clues. When you are asked to determine the meaning of a word in the reading section of either the paper TOEFL test or the computer TOEFL test, it is possible: (1) that the passage provides information about the meaning of the word, and (2) that there are structural clues to tell you that the definition of a word is included in the passage. Look at multiple-choice example from the paper TOEFL test where a structural clue to the meaning of the tested word is included in the passage. Bina Nusantara

A SHORT LIST OF WORD PARTS Reading Skill 9: Determine Meanings from word parts. When you are asked to determine the meaning of a word in the reading section of either the paper TOEFL test or the computer TOEFL test, it is sometimes possible to determine the meaning of the word by studying the word parts. A SHORT LIST OF WORD PARTS PART MEANING EXAMPLE CONTRA MAL MIS SUB DEC MULTI SOL TRI (against) (bad) (error) (under) (ten) (many) (one) (three) Contrast malcontent mistake subway decade multiple solo triple DIC DOMIN JUD MOR SPEC TERR VER VIV (say) (master) (judge) (death) (see) (earth) (turn) (live) Dictate dominant judgment mortal spectator territory divert revive Bina Nusantara

Reading Skill 10: Use Context to Determine Meanings of Difficult Words. On both the paper TOEFL test and the computer test, you may be asked to determine the meaning of a difficult word in a reading passage, a word that you are not expected to know. In this case, the passage will probably give you a clear indication of what the word means. Bina Nusantara

VOCABULARY QUESTIONS CONTAINING DIFFICULT WORDS Summary VOCABULARY QUESTIONS CONTAINING DIFFICULT WORDS HOW TO IDENTIFY QUESTION On both paper and computer tests What is meaning of “X” in line Y The word “X” in line Y is close in meaning to … On computer test only Look at the word X in paragraph Y. Click on another word that is close in meaning to X Click on the word in paragraph Y that closest in the meaning to X WHERE TO FIND THE ANSWER Information to help you understand the meaning of an unknown word can often be found in the context surrounding the unknown word. HOW TO ANSWER THE QUESTION Find the word in the passage. Read the sentence that contains the word carefully. Look for context clues to help you understand the meaning. Choose the answer that the context indicates. Bina Nusantara

Reading Skill 11: Use Context to Determine Meanings of Simple Words. On both the paper TOEFL test and the computer test, you may be asked to determine the meaning of a simple word in a reading passage, a word that you see often in everyday English. In this type of question, you should not give the normal, everyday meaning of the word; instead a secondary meaning of the word is being tested. So you must determine the meaning of the word in this situation. Bina Nusantara

VOCABULARY QUESTIONS CONTAINING SIMPLE WORDS Summary VOCABULARY QUESTIONS CONTAINING SIMPLE WORDS HOW TO IDENTIFY QUESTION On both paper and computer tests What is meaning of “X” in line Y The word “X” in line Y is could be best be replaced by … On computer test only Look at the word X in paragraph Y. Click on another word that could best be replaced by… Click on the word in paragraph Y that could be best replaced by by… WHERE TO FIND THE ANSWER Information to help you understand the secondary meaning of a simple word can often be found in the context surrounding the word. HOW TO ANSWER THE QUESTION Find the word in the passage. Read the sentence that contains the word carefully. Look for context clues to help you understand the meaning. Choose the answer that the context indicates. Bina Nusantara

QUESTIONS ABOUT WHERE IN THE PASSAGE Summary Skill 12: Determine Where Specific Information is Found. QUESTIONS ABOUT WHERE IN THE PASSAGE HOW TO IDENTIFY QUESTION On paper tests only Where the passage…? On computer test only Click on the sentence that indicate … WHERE TO FIND THE ANSWER The answer can be in any of the lines listed in the answers to the question. The answer will be one of the sentences in the paragraph listed in the question. HOW TO ANSWER THE QUESTION Choose a key word or idea in the question. Skim the appropriate part(s) of the passage looking for the key word or idea. Choose the answer that the contains the key word or Idea. Bina Nusantara

Summary TONE, PURPOSE, OR COURSE Skill 13: Determine the Tone, Purpose, or Course. TONE, PURPOSE, OR COURSE HOW TO IDENTIFY QUESTION On both paper and computer tests What is the tone passage? What is the author’s purpose in this passage? In which course would this reading be assigned? WHERE TO FIND THE ANSWER Tone Look for the clues throughout the passage that show if the author is showing emotion rather than just presenting facts. Purpose Draw conclusion about the purpose from the main idea and supporting ideas. Course Draw a conclusion about the course from the topic of the passage and the supporting ideas. HOW TO ANSWER THE QUESTION Skim the passage looking for clues that the author is showing some emotion. Choose the answer that identifies the emotion Study the main idea in the topic sentence and the details used to support the main idea. Draw a conclusion about the purpose Bina Nusantara

EXERCISES TOEFL Exercise 8. Choose the best answers to the questions. The teddy bear is a child’s toy, a nice soft stuffed animal suitable for cuddling. It is, however, a toy with an interesting history behind it. Theodore Roosevelt, or Teddy as he was commonly called, was president of the United States 1901-1909. He was an unusually active man with varied pastimes, one of which was hunting. One day president was invited to take part in a bear hunt; and inasmuch as Teddy was president, his host wanted to ensure that he caught a bear. A bear was captured, clanked over the head to knock it out, and tied to a tree; however, Teddy, who really wanted to hunt a bear, refused to shoot the bear and, in fact, demanded that the bear be extricated from the ropes; that is, he demanded that the bear be set free. The incident attracted a lot of attention among journalists. First a cartoon – drawn by Clifford K Berryman to make fun of this situation – appeared in Washington Post, and the cartoon was widely distributed and reprinted throughout the country. The toy manufacturers began producing a toy bear which they called a “teddy bear.” The teddy bear became the most widely recognized symbol of Roosevelt’s Presidency. 1. According to line 1 of the passage, what is a “teddy bear”? 2. Look at the word pastimes in paragraph 2. This word could be best replaced by A ferocious animal The president of the United States A famous hunter A plaything past occurrences previous jobs hunting trips Leisure activities Bina Nusantara

EXERCISES TOEFL Exercise 8. Choose the best answers to the questions. The teddy bear is a child’s toy, a nice soft stuffed animal suitable for cuddling. It is, however, a toy with an interesting history behind it. Theodore Roosevelt, or Teddy as he was commonly called, was president of the United States 1901-1909. He was an unusually active man with varied pastimes, one of which was hunting. One day president was invited to take part in a bear hunt; and inasmuch as Teddy was president, his host wanted to ensure that he caught a bear. A bear was captured, clanked over the head to knock it out, and tied to a tree; however, Teddy, who really wanted to hunt a bear, refused to shoot the bear and, in fact, demanded that the bear be extricated from the ropes; that is, he demanded that the bear be set free. The incident attracted a lot of attention among journalists. First a cartoon – drawn by Clifford K Berryman to make fun of this situation – appeared in Washington Post, and the cartoon was widely distributed and reprinted throughout the country. The toy manufacturers began producing a toy bear which they called a “teddy bear.” The teddy bear became the most widely recognized symbol of Roosevelt’s Presidency. 3. Look at the word “extricated” in paragraph 2. Click on another word or phrase in paragraph 2 that is close in meaning to extricated. 4. In line 10, a “cartoon” could best be described as a newspaper a type of teddy bear a drawing with a message A newspaper article Bina Nusantara

LATIHAN LANJUTAN & MATERI PENDUKUNG TOEFL Exercise 9 (pp.417-418). TOEFL Exercise 10 (pp.421-42) TOEFL Exercise 11 (pp.424-431 MATERI PENDUKUNG http://esl.about.com/od/readingcomprehensionquiz/ http://esl.about.com/library/quiz/blvocabquiz_miss_word1.htm Bina Nusantara