MARRIAGE & KINSHIP.

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Presentation transcript:

MARRIAGE & KINSHIP

KINSHIP INTERACTIVE TUTORIAL http://www.umanitoba.ca/faculties/arts/ anthropology/tutor/kinmenu.html

I. DEFINITION OF MARRIAGE A. Sex? Love? Legitimize children? B. Making Sense of Diversity C. CROSS-CULTURAL EXAMPLES 1. HIJRAS (INDIA) ♂ = ♂ 2. NUER WOMAN MARRIAGE ♀ = ♀

FUNCTIONS OF MARRIAGE 1. Regulate sexual access 2. Legitimize children 3. Provide care for children 4. Division of labor 5. Most: NOT for love a. Economic & Political Functions 6. Exchange between groups a. Dowry b. Bride Wealth

INCEST TABOO = Universal 1. INBREEDING AVOIDANCE 2. ENDOGAMY VS. EXOGAMY 3. ALLIANCE THEORY

II. DIVERSITY OF MARRIAGE PRACTICES A. MONOGAMY (20%) ♀ = ♂ B. POLYGAMY 1. POLYGYNY (75%); ♀ = ♂ = ♀ SORORAL POLYGYNY 2. POLYANDRY (1%); ♂ = ♀ = ♂ FRATERNAL POLYANDRY

C. LEVIRATE 1. NUER GHOST MARRIAGE a. Woman marries deceased husband’s brother D. SORORATE a. Man marries deceased wife’s sister

III. POST-MARITAL RESIDENCE RULES A. NEOLOCAL RESIDENCE (5%) B. MATRILOCAL RESIDENCE (13%) C. AVUNCULOCAL RESIDENCE (4%) D. PATRILOCAL RESIDENCE (70%)

IV. FAMILY TYPES A. NUCLEAR FAMILY (25%) 1. NEOLOCAL 2. AFFINAL TIES B. EXTENDED FAMILY (75%) 1. PATRILOCAL 2. MATRILOCAL 3. CONSANGUINEAL TIES

Patrilocal Extended Family A. India B. Taiwan (Uterine Families and the Women’s Community) C. Matrilocal Extended Family

CURVILINEAR HYPOTHESIS EXTENDED HOUSEHOLDS HIGH FORAGERS HORTICULTURE AGRICULTURE PASTORALISM INDUSTRIAL LOW LOW

V. KINSHIP & DESCENT KINSHIP: THE TOTALITY OF RELATIONSHIPS BASED ON BLOOD & MARRIAGE THAT LINK INDIVIDUALS & GROUPS IN A WEB OF RIGHTS & OBLIGATIONS

KINSHIP CHARTS MALE FEMALE = MARRIAGE DESCENT SIBLINGS

KINSHIP RELATIONS & DESCENT GROUPS AFFINAL KIN (marriage) CONSANGUINAL KIN (blood) A. NON-LINEAL DESCENT GROUPS 1. BILATERAL KINDRED (30%) 2. AMBILINEAL DESCENT (5%)

ESKIMO – BILATERAL DESCENT

CORPORATE DESCENT GROUPS B. LINEAGES (known ancestor) 1. PATRILINEAGES (46%) 2. MATRILINEAGES (14%)

PATRILINEAL DESCENT

PATRILINEAL KIN TERMS YANOMAMO

MATRILINEAL DESCENT

MATRILINEAL KIN TERMS IROQUOIS

C. DOUBLE DESCENT (5%) a. ASHANTI

D. CLANS MYTHICAL ANCESTOR CLANS VILLAGES LINEAGES HOUSEHOLDS

E. TLINGET MOIETIES (MATRILINEAL) RAVEN WOLF

F. SEGMENTARY LINEAGES

Functions of Descent Groups 1. Regulate marriage 2. Economic 3. Political 4. Religious

EXAMPLE: PATRILINEAGES A. HORTICULTURAL, AGRICULTURAL, PASTORAL B. WARFARE C. PATRILOCAL RESIDENCE 1. KERNAL RELATIONSHIP = FATHER-SON D. PATRILINEAL PUZZLE 1. MARRIAGE TO CROSS COUSINS

CROSS COUSIN AND PARALLEL COUSIN MARRIAGE

BEDOUIN (VEILED SENTIMENTS) IDEOLOGY OF KINSHIP PATRILINEAL DESCENT AGNATES – CONSANGUINEAL TIES IN-MARRYING WOMEN THREATEN LINEAGE SOLIDARITY PATRILATERAL PARALLEL COUSIN MARRIAGE

PATRILATERAL PARALLEL COUSIN MARRIAGE D & E ARE PARALLEL COUSINS

IMPORTANT CONCEPTS FROM VEILED SENTIMENTS CODE OF HONOR AGL (SELF-CONTROL) IDEALS OF AUTONOMY & EQUALITY MORAL VIRTUE HASHAM (SHAME & VOLUNTARY DEFERENCE) VEILING – SEXUAL MODESTY, DEFERENCE GHINNAWAS “DISCOURSES OF SENTIMENT”

EXAMPLE: MATRILINEAGES A. MATRILINEAGE IS NOT THE MIRROR IMAGE OF PATRILINEAGE B. PATRILINEAL KERNAL RELATIONSHIP = FATHER—SON C. MATRILINEAL KERNAL RELATIONSHIP = SISTER—BROTHER D. MATRILINEAL PUZZLE 1. AVUNCULOCAL RESIDENCE

MATRILINEAGES: AVUNCULOCAL RESIDENCE

(CORPORATE DESCENT GROUPS) BILATERAL KINDRED LINEAGES (CORPORATE DESCENT GROUPS) 1. BILATERAL (COGNATIC) DESCENT INHERIT FROM BOTH PARENTS 1. UNILINEAL DESCENT INHERIT THROUGH MALE OR FEMALE LINE 2. EXTEND KIN OUTWARD, INCLUDES AFFINAL KIN (AUNTS, UNCLES, IN-LAWS) BOUNDED, DEFINES A SPECIFIC GROUP, EXCLUDES NON- RELATIVES

(CORPORATE DESCENT GROUPS) BILATERAL KINDRED LINEAGES (CORPORATE DESCENT GROUPS) 3. EGO BELONGS TO OVERLAPPING GROUPS; EACH EGO HAS OWN KINDRED 3. EGO BELONGS TO A SINGLE GROUP WITH ONE ANCESTOR 4. LACK OF CONTINUITY, ENDS WITH EGO’S DEATH 4. CONTINUITY THROUGH TIME, CONTINUES AFTER EGO’S DEATH

(CORPORATE DESCENT GROUPS) BILATERAL KINDRED LINEAGES (CORPORATE DESCENT GROUPS) 5. EGO-ORIENTED 5. ANCESTOR-ORIENTED 6. MEMBERS DO NOT ACT AS A CORPORATE GROUP 6. CORPORATE CONTROL OF PROPERTY; ONE MEMBER CAN SUBSTITUTE FOR ANY OTHER; THEY ARE EQUAL IN LAW, CAN AVENGE ANY MEMBER

(CORPORATE DESCENT GROUPS) BILATERAL KINDRED LINEAGES (CORPORATE DESCENT GROUPS) SEPARATE LOCAL FAMILIES, SCATTERED RESIDENCES 7. RESIDENTIAL GROUP, LIVE TOGETHER