Chapter Ten Europe, Prepared by Kelly Donahue-Wallace Randal Wallace University of North Texas Gardner's Art through the Ages, Concise Edition by Fred Kleiner

Italy Dates and Places: 1600 to 1700 Rome People: Counter Reformation Transformation of Rome into proper setting for triumphant Church Courtiers of Papal court CARLO MADERNO, Saint Peter’s, Fig

Italy Themes: Life of Christ, Virgin Mary, Saints Mythology Allegory Forms: Dramatic chiaroscuro, tenebrism Dynamic illusionism Unity of arts for dramatic effect CARAVAGGIO, Calling of Saint Matthew, ca. 1597–1601. Fig

Italy Example: St. Peter’s completed Nave for processions Sculptural treatment of façade Effects of light and shadow Piazza in dynamic forms Visual trick to compensate for façade height Saint Peter’s, 1506–1666. Fig

Italy Example: Marks high altar Focal point Dynamic Solomonic columns Frames throne of St. Peter Symbols of the papacy Triumphant message BERNINI, Baldacchino, Saint Peter’s, 1624– Fig

Italy GIANLORENZO BERNINI, Ecstasy of Saint Teresa, 1645–1652. Fig

Italy Example: Unity of arts to achieve dramatic effect Hidden window Animated poses Spanish mystic saint Vision of angel Theater-like presentation of event BERNINI, Ecstasy of Saint Teresa, 1645–1652. Fig

Italy Example: Sculptural treatment of architecture Projection and recession of façade and interior, motion Ovals as dynamic shape Dramatic effects of light and shadow BORROMINI, San Carlo alle Quattro Fontane, 1665–1676. Fig

Italy CARAVAGGIO, Conversion of Saint Paul, ca Fig

Italy Example: Brutal realism Dramatic chiaroscuro Tenebrism (shadowy background cut by harsh light) Humanity Counter-Reformation strategy CARAVAGGIO, Conversion of Saint Paul, ca Fig

The depiction of the Death of the Virgin caused a contemporary stir, and was rejected as unfit by the parish. It was acquired by the Gonzaga family in Mantua and subsequently, upon the recommendation by Peter Paul Rubens, who praised it as one of Caravaggio's best works, the painting was bought by Charles 1, Duke of Mantua The Death of the Virgin, by Caravaggio

Italy FRA ANDREA POZZO, Glorification of Saint Ignatius, 1691–1694. Fig

Italy Example: Illusionistic ceiling fresco Single viewpoint for correct perspective Seems to extend and open church architecture Allegory of triumph of Society of Jesus Theater of triumph FRA ANDREA POZZO, Glorification of Saint Ignatius, 1691–1694. Fig