Exam 3 Review

Motivation and Emotion Chapter 10 Internal processes that: 1. Activate 2. Guide 3. Sustain

Theories of Motivation n Drive Theory n Arousal Theory n Expectancy Theory n Goal-Setting Theory p. 377

Emotions n Physiological responses n Subjective feelings n Expressive reactions

Theories of Emotion n Canon-Bard n James - Lange n Schachter - Singer n Opponent Process p. 398

The Emotional Brain Anterior vs. Posterior Pleasant – Unpleasant Arousal (Emotional Intensity) Right vs. Left Negative Affect (Avoidence – withdrawl) Positive Affect (Rewards - Reinforcement) p. 400

Components of Intelligence n Understand complex ideas n Adapt to the environment n Learn from experience n Ability to reason n Problem solving skills n Spearman’s “g” n Multiple Components of Intelligence n Sternberg’s “street smarts” n Cattell’s empiracal research Chapter 11

Tests of Intelligence Standford-Binet –Binet-Simon Scale –“IQ” –Ages 2-23 –Four Subscales –Originally created to identify MR children in French school system. Weschler Scales –WAIS-R (Adult) –WISC-III (5-16) –WPPSI (3-7) –Two Subscales –Most commonly used Other Tests: Raven Matrices, K-ABC

Issues in Measurement n Reliability –Split-Half –Test-Retest n Validity –Content –Criterion Concurrent Predictive

Creativity n Area of problem solving n novel and useful solutions n see relationships among remote ideas n interaction of multiple factors

Perspectives of Personality n Psychodynamic –Unconscious, sexual, motivation, conflict –Past experiences n Humanistic –Positive growth, realization of potential –Self - concept n Trait –Categorize and describe –Culturally salient Chapter 12

Defense Mechanisms Anxiety n Repression n Rationalization n Displacement n Projection n Regression n Sublimation p. 456

Trait Theory Allport Types of Traits Cardinal Central Secondary Functional Autonomy - motives for behavior can change. Patterns of behavior

Big Five Traits –Extroversion –Agreeableness –Conscientiousness/Dependability –Emotional Stability –Openness to Experience

Personality Assessment n Clinical Interview n Objective Tests –assess clinical disorders –validity components –conscious - direct n Projective Tests –indirect measures –unconscious motives or ideas

Health & Stress - Ch.13 n Health Psychology n Health Psychology: health is the influence of both our physiology (diet/exercise) and psychology (stress/social support). n Lifestyle n Lifestyle: the patterns of our everyday decisions which characterize our behavior. n Stress n Stress: personal response to events that threaten to disrupt our daily behaviors.

General Adaptation Syndrome n Alarm n Resistance n Exhaustion COGNITIVE APPRAISAL

Relationship between Stress & Health n Level of stress (Holmes & Rahe, 1967) n Length of the stressor (Cohen et al., 1998) p. 498

Health Belief Models n Strong positive intention to change. n Min of barriers. n Posses the skills. n “Believe” in the intervention n Perceive the behavior as normal. n Consistent with self- schema. n “Feel” good about the behavior. n Receive reinforcement from your environment.

Prevention n Primary Prevention: reduce the occurrence of the illness. –Gain Framing n Secondary Prevention: decrease the severity of the illness. Importance of early detection. –Loss Framing