Lecture 31 Electrical Instrumentation. Lecture 32 Electrical Instrumentation Electrical instrumentation is the process of acquiring data about one or.

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Operational Amplifiers
Advertisements

CHAPTER 3: SPECIAL PURPOSE OP-AMP CIRCUITS
Lecture 4: Signal Conditioning
CHAPTER 3 Measurement Systems with Electrical Signals
Pressure sensors ​ Presenters ​ Joonas Virtanen ​ Vu Nguyen08 May 2014.
Data Acquisition Risanuri Hidayat.
Presented by- Md. Bashir Uddin Roll: Dept. of BME KUET, Khulna-9203.
1 Dr. Un-ki Yang Particle Physics Group or Shuster 5.15 Amplifiers and Feedback: 3.
Lecture 91 Loop Analysis (3.2) Circuits with Op-Amps (3.3) Prof. Phillips February 19, 2003.
Lecture161 Instrumentation Prof. Phillips March 14, 2003.
Fiber-Optic Communications
Introduction AD620 Instrumentation Amplifier
Instrumentation System  A Measuring system is required to compare a quantity with a standard or to provide an output that can be related to the quantity.
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Third Edition, by Allan R. Hambley, ©2005 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 14 Operational Amplifiers.
Lecture II: Linear Applications of Opamp
Introduction to Op Amps
UBI >> Contents Chapter 9 Data Acquisition Introduction MSP430 Teaching Materials Texas Instruments Incorporated University of Beira Interior (PT) Pedro.
ME 6405 Operational Amplifiers 10/2/12
Chapter 8 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
Characteristics of Op-Amp &
Controlling Systems Using IT (Level 3) Lecture – 1030 Thursday 23/04/2015 Boston College (Rochford Campus)
ELECTRICA L ENGINEERING Principles and Applications SECOND EDITION ALLAN R. HAMBLEY ©2002 Prentice-Hall, Inc. Chapter 14 Operational Amplifiers Chapter.
TGT pramono. Pokok bahasan 1.Penyiapan instrumen penelitian fisik 2.Penyusunan paremeter fisik 3.Pengumpulan data 1 4.Pengumpulan data 2 5.Input data.
Topic 1 different attributes that characterize sensors ETEC 6405.
ELECTRONICS PRIMER. Assignment: WEB-based Electronics Tutorial Basic definitions Components Ohm's Law LEDs and Transistors Additional electronics tutorials.
We are Group5 Weatherstation The team Members are : Saran Jackson Robert Howard Robert Garvey Gene Fitzgerald Steven Dowling.
10/13/2004EE 42 fall 2004 lecture 191 Lecture #19 amplifier examples: comparators, op amps. Reminder: MIDTERM coming up one week from today (Monday October.
EKT314/4 Electronic Instrumentation
EKT314/4 Electronic Instrumentation
Chapter 8 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
DATA ACQUISITION Today’s Topics Define DAQ and DAQ systems Signals (digital and analogue types) Transducers Signal Conditioning - Importance of grounding.
ECE 590 Microwave Transmission for Telecommunications Noise and Distortion in Microwave Systems March 18, 25, 2004.
ACOE2551 Microprocessors Data Converters Analog to Digital Converters (ADC) –Convert an analog quantity (voltage, current) into a digital code Digital.
LSU 06/04/2007Electronics 61 Data Acquisition Electronics Unit – Lecture 6 Sensors and Transducers Signal conditioning Data sampling and recording.
Data Acquisition Systems
EE445:Industrial Electronics. Outline Introduction Some application Comparators Integrators & Differentiators Summing Amplifier Digital-to-Analog (D/A)
SMJ 4222 Instrumentation (02 & 07) Dr Intan Zaurah Mat Darus.
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Third Edition, by Allan R. Hambley, ©2005 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 9 Computer-Based Instrumentation.
Capacitive transducer. We know that : C=kЄ° (A/d) Where : K=dielectric constant Є° =8.854 *10^-12 D=distance between the plates A=the area over lapping.
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING Principles and Applications THIRD EDITION ALLAN R. HAMBLEY ©2002 Prentice-Hall, Inc. Chapter 9 Computer-Based Instrumentation Systems.
Lecture 9: Modeling Electromechanical Systems 1.Finish purely electrical systems Modeling in the Laplace domain Loading of cascaded elements 2.Modeling.
ECE 4710: Lecture #37 1 Link Budget Analysis  BER baseband performance determined by signal to noise ratio ( S / N ) at input to detector (product, envelope,
Digital to Analog Converter (DAC)
CHAPTER 1 Part 2.1  Noise.
Feedback.
Instrumentation Amplifiers Passive Transducer Measurement Configuration: For passive transducers in a bridge configuration the voltage of interest is the.
OP-AMPs Op Amp is short for operational amplifier. An operational amplifier is modeled as a voltage controlled voltage source. An operational amplifier.
EKT 314/4 WEEK 2 : CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION TO EI ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENTATION.
CHAPTER 20 OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS (OP-AMPS). Introduction to operational amplifiers Symbol and Terminals.
Lecture Notes / PPT UNIT III
Enrollment no. : Darshan Institute of Engineering & Technology - Rajkot Department of Electrical Engineering ANALOG ELECTRONICS ( )
Basics of Bypass Capacitor, Its Functions and Applications.
INTRODUCTION TO ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENTATION
SIGNAL CONDITIONING Signal conditioning is stage of instrumentation system used for modifying the transduced signal into a usable format for the final.
Operational Amplifiers
INSTITUTE & TECHNOLOGY
FEEDBACK CIRCUITS CLASSIFICATION OF AMPLIFIER CONCEPT OF FEEDBACK
E212 – Analog Electronic II
MECH 373 Instrumentation and Measurements
MECH 373 Instrumentation and Measurements
EI205 Lecture 13 Dianguang Ma Fall 2008.
MECH 373 Instrumentation and Measurements
Medical electronics II
Electronic Instrumentation Lectrurer Touseef Yaqoob
Operational Amplifiers
Feedback Amplifiers.
INSTRUMENTASI INDUSTRI
Amplifiers: A Bio amplifier is an electrophysiological device, a variation of the instrumentation amplifier, used to gather and increase the signal integrity.
Medical electronics II
Data Acquisition Electronics Unit – Lecture 6
Presentation transcript:

Lecture 31 Electrical Instrumentation

Lecture 32 Electrical Instrumentation Electrical instrumentation is the process of acquiring data about one or more physical quantities of interest using electrical sensors and instruments. This data may be used for diagnostics, analysis, design, or to control a system.

Lecture 33 Instrumentation Examples Every engineering discipline uses electrical instrumentation to collect and analyze data. The following examples are illustrative of the different types of sensors and instrumentation that different engineering disciplines use.

Lecture 34 Strain Measurements Strain gauge

Lecture 35 Non-destructive Testing Ultrasound transducer

Lecture 36 Automotive Sensors Oxygen Sensor Airflow Sensor Water Temperature Oil Pressure Accelerometer CO Sensor

Lecture 37 Biomedical Ultrasound Transducer

Lecture 38 What other examples can you think of?

Lecture 39 A Typical Instrumentation System Sensor Amplifier A/D Converter Computer

Lecture 310 Instrumentation System Sensor-converts the measured value into an electrically useful value. Amplifier-”conditions” the signal from the sensor. A/D Converter-converts the signal into a digital format. Computer-processes, displays, and records the signal.

Lecture 311 Sensor The output of a sensor is proportional to the quantity of interest. The sensor output may be a –voltage or current (temperature, pressure) –resistance (strain gauge) –frequency (accelerometer)

Lecture 312 Amplifier The output of the amplifier is (usually) a voltage. The gain of the amplifier is set so that the voltage falls between lower and upper limits (for example, -10V to 10V).

Lecture 313 A/D Converter Analog-to-digital conversion consists of two operations: –Sampling: measuring the voltage signal at equally spaced points in time. –Quantization: approximating a voltage using 8 or 16 bits.

Lecture 314 Instrumentation Issues Noise Signal bandwidth Sampling Amplifier characteristics Feedback Real-time processing Control systems

Lecture 315 Noise Signal Signal + Noise

Lecture 316 Sources of Noise Thermal noise caused by the random motion of charged particles in the sensor and the amplifier. Electromagnetic noise from electrical equipment (e.g. computers) or communication devices. Shot noise from quantum mechanical events.

Lecture 317 Effects of Noise Reduces accuracy and repeatability of measurements. Introduces distortion in sound signals. Introduces errors in control systems.

Lecture 318 What to Do? How can we eliminate or reduce the undesirable effects of noise? Grounding/shielding electrical connections Filtering (smoothing) Averaging several measurements

Lecture 319 Signal Bandwidth Conceptually, bandwidth is related to the rate at which a signal changes: High BW Low BW

Lecture 320 Bandwidth and Sampling A higher bandwidth requires more samples/second: High BW Low BW

Lecture 321 Bandwidth Limitations Every component in the instrumentation system has bandwidth limitations: Sensors do not respond immediately to changes in the environment. The amplifier output does not change immediately in response to changes in the input. The A/D converter sampling rate is limited.

Lecture 322 Effects of BW Limitations Sensor Output Amplifier Output

Lecture 323 Amplifier Characteristics Amplifiers are characterized in terms of attributes such as: Gain Bandwidth and/or frequency response Linearity Harmonic distortion Input and output impedance

Lecture 324 Op Amps One commonly used type of amplifier is the Operational Amplifier (OpAmp). Op Amps have differential inputs: output voltage is the amplified difference of two input voltages. Op Amps have very large gains (>10 3 ).

Lecture 325 Op Amps (cont.) Most op amp circuits use negative feedback. Op amp circuits can be designed to: –Provide voltage gain or attenuation. –Convert current to voltage. –Integrate or differentiate. –Filter out noise or interference.

Lecture 326 Feedback Often, sensors measure quantities associated with systems. The sensor output is used to control the system in a desired manner.

Lecture 327 Example: Industrial Process Control In many manufacturing processes (integrated circuits, for examle) temperatures must be closely controlled. Feedback can be used to maintain a constant temperature.

Lecture 328 Temperature Control The Control System sets the current supplied to the heating elements in the furnace to keep the material temperature at the desired value. Desired Temperature Control System Furnace and Material Temperature Sensor

Lecture 329 A car cruise control is a feedback system. How does it work?

Lecture 330 Benefits of Feedback Provides stability with respect to changes in system parameter values. Helps to obtain a (nearly) linear response from non-linear components. Can be used to change the characteristics of a system under control.