EUROPEAN ASSISTANCE TO AGRICULTURE IN SUB SAHARAN AFRICA Bruce Hearn Department of Management, University of Leicester Veli Koc Centre for Environmental Policy, Imperial College London Jenifer Piesse Department of Management, King’s College London Department of Agricultural Economics, University of Stellenbosch Colin Thirtle Centre for Environmental Policy, Imperial College London Department of Agricultural Economics, University of Stellenbosch

Outline and background Follows OECD database – See Development/Aid Activities/Creditor Reporting Systemhttp://stats.oecd.org/Index.aspx They cover all agricultural aid from OECD DAC countries We look specifically at EU countries aid to SSA only – overview Historical background – theoretical framework - regional distribution – amounts and shares by donor country – aid effort – disbursements versus commitments – decomposition by purpose – broad sector aid including food aid and emergency assistance. Top recipients – aid by purpose for Mozambique, Ghana and Uganda Key points Bilateral aid to agriculture has halved since the mid 1980s DAC aid to agriculture was 17% of total aid in the late 1980s – now only 6%

A Theoretical Framework The basic concept is not difficult. We have a matrix with a column for each donor county i, where i =1….m, and a row for each recipient country j, where j = 1…n. The EU countries are all bilateral donors and if in addition we knew their contributions to multilateral agencies, summing the columns would give the country totals in terms of either commitments or disbursements. Similarly, most of the countries of SSA are recipients and summing the rows would give the total aid allocated to each country.

Regional distribution

ODA Disbursements by DAC Countries to SSA Agriculture (2007 m US$) Donor country Total aid to agriculture As %GDPAid to agriculture as share of total aid % As share of total DAC * aid % Denmark Norway France Ireland Belgium Sweden Switzerland Netherlands Germany Spain Finland UK Italy US EC ** Total DAC

Aid to Agriculture as Share of Total DAC Agricultural Aid % by Donor Country

Aid Effort: DAC Members' Total Aid to Agriculture (millions $) DonorBilateral Disbursements Bilateral Commitments Multilateral Commitments Total Commitments Australia Austria Belgium Canada Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Ireland Italy Japan Luxembourg99413 Netherlands New Zealand Norway Portugal Spain Sweden Switzerland United Kingdom United States EU Institutions Total DAC

Commitments versus Disbursements

Distribution of Aid Between Agriculture-Related Sub-Sectors UKFRANCEUSEC Agriculture/Fishing/Forestry Agriculture Fishing Forestry Rural development Food aid Emergency food aid Total ,

Agricultural Aid by Purpose Agricultural Aid Sub-Divided by Purpose for FranceAgricultural Aid Sub-Divided by Purpose for Germany Agricultural Aid Sub-Divided by Purpose for the UK Agricultural Aid Sub-Divided by Purpose for the US

Top Recipients of Aid to Agriculture only from all DAC countries (US$ mil) CountryDAC aid to agriculture Madagascar Mali Burkina Faso Kenya Ghana Mozambique Ethiopia Uganda Cameroon Malawi Senegal Zambia Tanzania South Africa

Top Recipients by Donor Belgium – DRC 6.45, Benin 3.15, Rwanda 2.93 France – Madagascar 56.07, Cameroon 41.98, Burkina Faso UK – Malawi 6.93, Ghana 4.89, Rwanda 3.82 US – Uganda 16.29, Mozambique 2.79, Kenya 10.25, Zambia 9.46, Malawi 5.45

Aid by Purpose to 3 Countries

Shares of Official Development Assistance to SSA Agriculture by Donor (%) DAC EUUKFranceUSEC Donor ODA to SSA agriculture/ Donor ODA to SSA Donor ODA to SSA agriculture/ DAC EU ODA to SSA agriculture