Chapter 5 Jeopardy Visual Perception Motor Development Infant Learning Infant Cognition Chapter 5 Hodgepodge Final Jeopardy

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Question Answer Visual Perception 100 ANSWER: The percentage of the mature cerebral cortex involved in visual processing QUESTION: What is 40% to 50%?

Question Answer Visual Perception 200 ANSWER: Because young infants have poor this, they detect a pattern only when it is composed of highly contrasting elements. QUESTION: What is “contrast sensitivity?”

Question Answer Visual Perception 300 ANSWER: When another person approaches or moves away from us, or slowly turns in a circle, our retinal image of the person changes in size and shape, but we do not have the impression that the person gets larger or smaller or changes shape. QUESTION: What is “perceptual constancy?”

Question Answer Visual Perception 400 ANSWER: The perception of separate objects in a visual array. QUESTION: What is “object segregation?”

Question Answer Visual Perception 500 ANSWER: The number of months it takes an American infant to learn that pictures are to look at and talk about, but not pick up or eat. QUESTION: What is 19 months?

Question Answer ANSWER: These behaviors are innate, fixed patterns of action that occur in response to particular stimulation. QUESTION: What are “reflexes?” Motor Development 100

Question Answer Motor Development 200 ANSWER: At around 8 months of age, infants become capable for the first time in their lives of moving around in the environment on their own. QUESTION: What is “self-locomotion?”

Question Answer Motor Development 300 ANSWER: Is a term used to describe the use of another person’s emotional reaction to interpret an ambiguous situation. QUESTION: What is “social referencing?”

Question Answer Motor Development 400 ANSWER: In this kind of error, very young children try to do something with a miniature replica object that is far too small for the action to be at all possible. QUESTION: What is a “scale error?”

Question Answer Motor Development 500 ANSWER: In the late 1990s, pediatricians noticed a surprising increase in the number of inquiries made about infants who either began crawling late or never crawled at all. Many babies had simply gone from sitting to walking. QUESTION: What happened when parents began to put their babies to sleep on their backs to reduce the risk of SIDS?

Question Answer Infant Learning 100 ANSWER: A decrease in response to repeated stimulation. QUESTION: What is “habituation?”

Question Answer Infant Learning 200 ANSWER: A key process in perceptual learning, it is the ability to extract from the constantly changing stimulation in the environment those elements that are invariant and remain stable. QUESTION: What is “differentiation?”

Question Answer Infant Learning 300 ANSWER: The objects surrounding a baby offer a variety of ______. Some can be picked up, but others are too heavy. Some make noise, while others can be enjoyably cuddled. QUESTION: What are “affordances?”

Question Answer Infant Learning 400 ANSWER: In classical conditioning, the originally reflexive response that comes to be elicited by the conditioned stimulus. QUESTION: What is the “conditioned response” (CR)?

Question Answer Infant Learning 500 ANSWER: Parents, who are often amused or sometimes embarrassed by their toddler’s reproduction of their own behavior, are well aware of this phenomenon. QUESTION: What is “observational learning?”

Question Answer Infant Cognition 100 ANSWER: A procedure used to study infant cognition in which infants are shown an event that should evoke surprise or interest if it violates something the infant knows or assumes to be true. QUESTION: What is “violation-of- expectancy?”

Question Answer Infant Cognition 200 ANSWER: Infants may attribute this and goals to inanimate entities as long as the entities “behave” like humans. QUESTION: What is “intentionality?”

Question Answer Infant Cognition 300 ANSWER: Even in their first year of life, infants seem to appreciate this physical law, often testing and retesting it while seated in their highchairs. QUESTION: What is “gravity?”

Question Answer Infant Cognition 400 ANSWER: Piaget observed that infants younger than 8 months of age do not search for objects they cannot see, leading him to formulate this concept. QUESTION: What is “object permanence?”

Question Answer Infant Cognition 500 ANSWER: Is the error phenomenon that has forced developmental psychologists to think critically about how babies think. QUESTION: What is the “A-Not-B error”?

Question Answer Hodgepodge 100 ANSWER: A type of learning that involves picking up information from the environment and forming associations among stimuli that occur in a statistically predictable pattern. QUESTION: What is “statistical learning?”

Question Answer Hodgepodge 200 ANSWER: Another name for operant conditioning, it is learning about the consequences of one’s own behavior. QUESTION: What is “instrumental conditioning?”

Question Answer Hodgepodge 300 ANSWER: Belly crawling or other idiosyncratic patterns of self-propulsion sometimes known as the “inchworm belly-flop” style of getting around. QUESTION: What is “self-locomotion?”

Question Answer Hodgepodge 400 ANSWER: Is a “disappearing reflex” that can be elicited by holding a newborn under the arms so that his or her feet touch the surface. QUESTION: What is the “stepping reflex?”

Question Answer Hodgepodge 500 ANSWER: A clumsy swiping toward the general vicinity of objects a young infant sees. QUESTION: What are “prereaching movements?”

Question Answer FINAL JEOPARDY ANSWER: Is the combining of information from two or more sensory systems so that they are received as a unitary, coherent event. QUESTION: What is intermodal perception?