BIBLIOTHERAPY An Introduction for Educators

BIBLIOTHERAPY Is the use of selected literature to help the reader grow in self understanding and resolve real life issues

P articular stories can serve as a catalyst for discussion and resolution of difficulties. The facilitator provides direction in the resolution of personal troubles through the use of guided readings and follow up activities.

Bibliotherapy Can Be Conducted : On an individual basis In a group setting

Specific literature is selected for the student’s need Specific literature is selected for the student’s need Student reads the literature or the literature can be read to him or her Student reads the literature or the literature can be read to him or her Various activities are designed for the individual to examine the literature Various activities are designed for the individual to examine the literature In individual bibliotherapy:

Using bibliotherapy in a group setting: Students read literature orally or listen while the adult reads to them Group discussion and activities follow (Students become aware that they are not alone in their feelings and that perceived problems are shared by others.)( McIntyre,T.2004)

Some Activities Are: 1.Discussion with the facilitator 2.Composition 3.Using a tape recorder to record student’s thoughts 4.Artistic expression

How To Use Bibliography 1.Identify the student’s needs 2.Match the student with appropriate materials 3.Decide on the setting and time for the sessions, and how the sessions will be introduced to the student 4.Design follow-up materials for the reading (e.g., discussion, paper writing, drawing, drama).( McIntyre, T.2004)

How To Use Bibliotherapy 5. Motivate the student with introductory activities (e.g., asking questions to get a discussion going on the topic). 6. Engage in the reading, viewing, or listening phase. Ask leading questions and start short discussions throughout the reading. Periodically, summarize what has occurred thus far (to be sure that “the message” does not get lost in trivial points).

How To Use Bibliography 7.Take a break or allow a few minutes for the student to reflect on the material 8.Introduce the follow-up activities: -Retelling of the story -In depth discussion of the book (e.g., discussion of right and wrong, morals, the law, strong and weak points of the main character, etc.) -Art activities -Creative writing -Drama 9.Assist the student in achieving closure through discussion and a listing of possible solutions or some other activity. (McIntyre, T. 2004)

The following themes work well using a bibliotherapeutic model: Identity Self Knowledge Self Esteem Bullying Learning Disabilities Divorce Death and Loss

 Identification  Catharsis  Insight The individual is believed to receive the benefits benefits of bibliotherapy by passing through three stages: through three stages:

Identification The student identifies with a book character and events in the story, either real or fictitious. Sometimes it is best to have a character of similar age to the youngster who faces similar events. At other times, cartoon characters and stories are best. ( McIntyre,T.2004)

Catharsis The student becomes emotionally The student becomes emotionally involved in the story and is able to release pent-up emotions under safe conditions (often through discussion or artwork). ( McIntyre,T.2004)

Insight The student, after catharsis (with the help of the teacher), becomes aware that his/her problems might also be addressed or solved. Possible solutions to the book character’s and one’s own personal problems are identified. (McIntrye, J.T,2004)

Six Goals for using Bibliotherapy in the Classroom Providing students with information regarding their problems Providing insight into student students’ problems Creating discussion among students about their problems Letting students know that other people share their problems Communicating new values and attitudes Providing solutions to problems (Pardeck,J.T. 1997)

To Learn More-contact the following online resources for information and book lists - The United Federation of Teachers says of "A wild, witty and highly practical site for educators challenged by student (mis) behavior. A definite mental health destination for teachers at their wits end in managing challenging behavior. Also provides online opportunities for teachers to help other teachers with student behavior issues!"

More Resources… - Magination (not "Imagination") Press is one company that offers a wide selection of books on a variety of issues. They can be contacted at or by calling Lutra Press ( or Phone: ) has a resource book that lists various fiction books to use for a large variety of issues in childrens' lives.

Bibliography Pardeck, J.T. (1995). Bibliotherapy: An innovative approach for helping children. Early Child Development and Care, 110, Pardeck, J.A. & Pardeck, J.T. (1994, Summer). Using literature to help the adolescents cope with problems. Adolescence, 29, Schlessinger, E. (2003). Bibliotherapy: Using children’s literature to raise the self-esteem of elementary school students. McIntyre, T. (2004). How to use psycho educational interventions: Bibliotherapy.