Bacterial Physiology (Micr430) Lecture 1 Overview of Bacterial Physiology (Text Chapters: 1 and 2)

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Bacterial Physiology (Micr430) Lecture 1 Overview of Bacterial Physiology (Text Chapters: 1 and 2)

Bacterial Physiology Study of how bacteria function including such processes as nutrition, growth, reproduction and locomotion

CELL STRUCTURE The typical bacterial cell (most knowledge is from studies of Escherichia coli)

CELL STRUCTURE The Cell Surface: the interface between bacterial cell and its external environment. It consists of: Cell Wall Membranes Capsules Organs of Locomotion Pili or Fimbriae

Cell surfaces of Gram - and Gram + bacteria

Cell membrane Cell, 2006

The glycocalyx: layers of matrix outside cell wall.

Capsule of Streptococcus pneumoniae

Flagella and fimbriae

CELL STRUCTURE The Cytoplasm: the space within the cellular membranes. It consists of: Ribosomes: protein synthesis Soluble (invisible) proteins: metabolism Nucleoid: site of genetic material - DNA

SYNTHESIS OF DNA, RNA AND PROTEIN  DNA  replication

SYNTHESIS OF DNA, RNA AND PROTEIN  Transcription & translation

Metabolic and Genetic Regulation

MICROBIAL GENETICS Definitions to review: Gene: a heritable unit of function composed of a specific sequence of purine and pyrimidine bases, which in turn determines sequence of the corresponding RNA and proteins. Genotype: sum total of all of the hereditary units of genes. Phenotype: the observed expression of the genetic determinants.

MICROBIAL GENETICS Define following terms: Alleles. Mutagenesis. Wild-type. Spontaneous mutations.

CHEMICAL SYNTHESIS Chemical composition of cell 55% protein 3.1% DNA 16.7 rRNA 3% tRNA 0.8% mRNA 9.1% lipids E. coli cell can make a perfect copy of itself in 40 min in minimal glucose media

Major pathways of carbohydrate metabolism

Biosynthetic pathways leading to the amino acids and others

CHEMICAL SYNTHESIS Energy Substrate-level phosphorylation: ATP production during carbohydrate catabolism Oxidative phosphorylation: ATP production using energy conserved in electrical and chemical gradient (PMF) across cell membrane PMF: Proton motive force is formed during electron transport through a series of electron carriers on the membrane

Nitrogen Assimilation

ENDOSPORES

GROWTH CURVE

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