ITT Space Systems Sensor Technologies Bob Fiete, Ph.D. Chief Technologist Dan Newman, Ph.D. Program Manager, Sensor Products

& Reconnaissance (ISR) Space Control & Missile Defense (SCMD) ITT Space Systems Division (SSD) Principal Businesses And Their Solutions Intelligence, Surveillance, & Reconnaissance (ISR) ISR systems provide intelligence and defense customers with the ability to collect information that enhances information superiority and contributes to our national security. GPS Navigation (NAV) NAV payload, receiver, and control solutions offer superior accuracy and functionality across the entire GPS network enabling precise, round-the-clock, worldwide, 3D position and precise time-keeping for defense and civil applications. Image Information Solutions (IIS) IIS software, services, and integrated solutions help customers manage, visualize, exploit, analyze, and disseminate images and data for quicker, more effective decision making. Commercial & Space Science (CSS) Satellite/airborne high-resolution commercial imaging systems to view/monitor earth. Space Science technologies and systems to help scientists explore the universe. Climate & environmental monitoring sensors, systems, subsystems and software to capture, process, visualize and analyze earth images, climate change and other environmental data. Space Control & Missile Defense (SCMD) Space, air and ground based systems and subsystems to support our nation’s space control, antimissile defense and operationally responsive space programs and initiatives. Space Systems Division Overview April 17, 2017

Space Systems’ Business Locations Division Headquarters Rochester, NY Fort Wayne, IN Boulder, CO Clifton, NJ Vienna, VA April 17, 2017 3

ITT Vision: Integrating Advanced Sensor Technologies to Get Critical Information to Users on Demand Meteorological Navigation ISR Commercial Collect Night Vision Disseminate Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) Exploitation & Visualization

ITT Space Systems Technology in Daily Life GPS Weather images High-resolution space imaging

GOES Satellites 1991 – The Perfect Storm from GOES-7 (resolution 1 km) 2005 – Hurricane Katrina from GOES-12 (resolution 1 km) Image courtesy NASA

Rochester, NY to the Statue of Liberty is ~250 miles QuickBird GSD = 2 feet 2002 – QuickBird image of the Statue of Liberty taken from ~280 miles away Rochester, NY to the Statue of Liberty is ~250 miles Image courtesy DigitalGlobe

ITT Innovative Technologies Passive Systems Ground Processing Advanced EO Sensor Adaptive Lightweight Telescope Novel EO Payload Spectral Systems IR Systems Ground Decision Support Processing Workflow Information Dissemination Navigation Systems Active Systems GPS Payloads GPS Control Segment GPS User Segment LIDAR / LADAR Payloads Integrated Solutions End to End Multi-Camera Direct Dissemination Persistent Surveillance System

ITT Instruments & Sensor Technologies How does Sensor performance drive ITT Mission Performance ? Example Missions Sensor Technology Commercial Remote Sensing VIS Scanning CCD Day/Night Persistent Surveillance VIS & MWIR area sensors Soldier Night Vision IR and VIS Intensified arrays Weather forecasting IR Linear & area arrays Natural Gas leak detection MWIR Photodiode (LIDAR)

ITT’s Remote Sensing Focal Plane Assembly Sensor Technology: Visible CCD Scanning Array w/ 64 TDI Double ITO process (Kodak) - front side illuminated 20,000 lines/s scan rate < 35 e- read noise Panchromatic & Multispectral Color April 17, 2017

NextView Focal Plane Unit Limiting Mission Noise Performance Background Irradiance (*) ~ 90e- Detector Read noise ~ 35 e- (*) Most stressing case

ITT’s NextView Commercial Remote Sensing Image Quality – built to meet Commercial Imager needs 0.5 m resolution@ 680 km 15.2 Km swath Panchromatic capacity good to 20,000 lps, 6 aggregation modes, 5 TDI modes, 12 data rates Four band multispectral sensor for pan sharpened imagery GeoEye-1 Imagery of Moffett Field October 12, 2008

ITT Broad Area Persistent Surveillance Forensic Analysis Enables analysis of movers Time stamped imagery provides real-time and historical view of enemy and patterns Situational Awareness Provides the high ground view of operations for command & control Interactive image serving to multiple users Real Time Analysis Real time go to location and time and play backwards and forward to quickly identify targets and suspects Real Time Cueing Automatic cueing of events – suspected vehicles, boundary detection, change detection

PS: Multiple cameras w/ overlapped field of View Sensor System Persistent Surveillance Sensors: VIS: 16 MP Interline CCD MWIR: 1 MP InSb or HgCdTe Frame rate 2-4 fps Limiting System Performance Drivers Sensor format: More pixels per sensor Well Depth > 200k e- / pixel Glint smear CCD limitation Background photon noise Sensor read noise Persistent Surveillance achieves a wide field of view coverage with multiple sensors / cameras

Night Vision Sensors LWIR Microbolometer arrays MWIR & SWIR framing arrays Multi-channel plate w/ VIS CCD System Performance Drivers: - Image motion smear/lag  high frame rate (> 30Hz) - Size, weight & power - Dynamic range - Sensor read noise

Nightvision Fusion Product Examples Visible Thermal IR Traditional Color Fusion Gray Scale Fusion Thermal Sources Highlighted

ITT Weather Satellite Sensors CrIS (Cross-track Infrared Sounder) SWIR, MWIR and LWIR (3-15 um) MCT detectors Single large area detectors ABI (Advanced Baseline Imager) 16 band visible to LWIR sensors Long linear arrays Near photon shot noise limit in many channels, Performance Drivers Background Limited Scene noise Detector noise - Read noise & Thermal dark noise FPA in LCC Mounted in Test Dewar LWIR MCT arrays for GOES-ABI 11 - 13 micron band ~ 400 pixel array size

Natural Gas Leak Detection w/ Differential Absorption Lidar (DIAL) Ratio of “on-line” and “off-line” absorption is converted to ppm-m using an equation based on Beer’s Law, which relates the absorption of light to the properties of the material through which the light is passing. 3047.0 3047.5 3046.5 15 30 45 The “on-line” wavelength is on or close to peak of a chemical’s absorption feature Absorption Wave Number (cm-1) Leak Location The “off-line” wavelength at low absorption feature 4/17/2017 20   4/17/2017 20 20 20

ANGEL Services Aircraft and Sensor System DIAL Sensor High Resolution Mapping Camera Digital Video Camera Use or disclosure of this information is subject to the restrictions on the Title Page of this document.   4/17/2017 21

Differential Absorption LIDAR Detector: Detector Type: High Speed HgCdTe Photodiode Detector area 1mm2 .Bandwidth >100 MHz Responsivity 1 A/W @ 3.4m Noise Density 0.9 pA/(Hz)1/2 Detectivity (D*) 1.2 x 1011 cm(Hz)1/2 / W Manufacturer: Boston Electronics / Vigo Top Three Mission Critical Noise sources: 1) Laser alignment accuracy 2) Preamplifier Noise 3) Detector noise (D*) at room temperature PVI-2TE-3, detector used in ANGEL Receiver

ANGEL Services is Fully Operational and Serving Major Pipeline Operators Over 8,000 miles of DIAL leak surveys & corridor mapping Leak detection services have been completed for: TransCanada PipeLine Northern Natural Gas CenterPoint ONEOK Terasen Gas Pacific Gas & Electric And others! 4/17/2017 Use or disclosure of this information is subject to the restrictions on the Title Page of this document.   23

Summary ITT’s customer missions drive sensor needs/requirements Each mission has different flow-down requirements for the sensor Critical Sensor requirements drivers are typically: Read noise Array size & pixel format Frame rate Dynamic Range MTF Quantum Efficiency Spectral Sensitivity & bands