Coulomb excitation and -decay studies at (REX-)ISOLDE around Z = 28 J. Van de Walle – KVI - Groningen 1. ISOLDE and REX-ISOLDE ; 2. Results around Z=28 : Odd-A cupper isotopes (Z=29) ; Even-A zinc isotopes (Z=30) ; Even-A iron isotopes (Z=26) ;
REX-ISOLDE (high energy) : low energy Coulomb excitation < 3 MeV/u using the MINIBALL germanium array. - Resonance Ionization Laser Ion Source brings in unique beams ! keV beams (low energy) - Around 600 isotopes of 60 elements available - -decay studies ISOLDE and REX-ISOLDE
Mn (Z=25) Ni (Z=28) Cu (Z=29) Zn (Z=30) ISOTOPE Yields around Z = 28 : Zn, Cu, Ni, Mn RILIS ; UC x target – fission by 1.4 GeV protons – 2 A ; 30 keV beams ; -decay of Mn Mass Yield / C -decay studies ISOLDE and REX-ISOLDE
Mn (Z=25) Ni (Z=28) Cu (Z=29) Zn (Z=30) Mass Yield / C ISOTOPE Yields including REX efficiency : Zn, Cu, Ni, Mn post-acceleration possible ; 61,62,63 Mn/Fe, 68 Ni, 67,69,71,73 Cu and 74,76,78,80 Zn. ISOLDE and REX-ISOLDE
Specific nuclear structure questions : Evolution of Z=28, N=40 and N=50 shell gaps at extreme isospin motivated by the "tensor part" of the strong interaction Collectivity sets in around major shell gaps ; Evolution of single particle energies ; f 7/2 p 1/2 f 5/2 p 3/2 sd-shell g 9/2 40 p 1/2 f 5/2 p 3/ g 9/2 40 f 7/2 sd-shell Tensor part j >/ = attractive ( f 5/2 - g 9/2, p 1/2 - g 9/2 ) j >/ /< = repulsive ( f 7/2 - g 9/2, p 3/2 - g 9/2 ) Results around Z=28 : introduction
Specific nuclear structure questions : Evolution of Z=28, N=40 and N=50 shell gaps at extreme isospin motivated by the "tensor part" of the strong interaction Collectivity sets in around major shell gaps ; Evolution of single particle energies ; f 7/2 p 1/2 f 5/2 p 3/2 sd-shell g 9/2 40 p 1/2 f 5/2 p 3/ g 9/2 40 f 7/2 sd-shell Results around Z=28 : introduction Energy [MeV] Neutron Number Ni Zn Fe
Energy [MeV] Neutron Number Specific nuclear structure questions : Evolution of Z=28, N=40 and N=50 shell gaps at extreme isospin motivated by the "tensor part" of the strong interaction Collectivity sets in around major shell gaps ; Evolution of single particle energies ; f 7/2 p 1/2 f 5/2 p 3/2 sd-shell g 9/2 40 p 1/2 f 5/2 p 3/ g 9/2 40 f 7/2 sd-shell Results around Z=28 : introduction Ni Zn Fe
f 7/2 p 1/2 f 5/2 p 3/2 sd-shell g 9/2 40 p 1/2 f 5/2 p 3/ g 9/2 40 f 7/2 sd-shell Odd-A cupper isotopes (Z=29) Results around Z=28 : Odd-A cupper isotopes -decay of neutron-rich Ni isotopes at LISOL facility (gas-cel)
f 7/2 p 1/2 f 5/2 p 3/2 sd-shell g 9/2 40 p 1/2 f 5/2 p 3/ g 9/2 40 f 7/2 sd-shell Spectroscopic factors needed ! Shell model starts to reproduces this result 56 Ni not a closed core (65% [1], 50% [2] closed core) [ 1] Honma PRC (2004), [2] Otsuka PRL (1998) Odd-A cupper isotopes (Z=29) Results around Z=28 : Odd-A cupper isotopes Coulomb excitation of neutron-rich Cu isotopes at REX-ISOLDE facility ("RILIS")
f 7/2 p 1/2 f 5/2 p 3/2 sd-shell g 9/2 40 p 1/2 f 5/2 p 3/ g 9/2 40 f 7/2 sd-shell Neutron number onset of collectivity around N=40 ? E(2 + 1 ) !!! neutron pair scattering at N=40 ? E(0 + 2 ) !!! Influence of proton excitations across Z=28 ? Influence of neutron excitations across N=50 ? Even-A zinc isotopes (Z=30) Results around Z=28 : Even-A zinc isotopes
f 7/2 p 1/2 f 5/2 p 3/2 sd-shell g 9/2 40 p 1/2 f 5/2 p 3/ g 9/2 40 f 7/2 sd-shell Neutron number onset of collectivity around N=40 ? E(2 + 1 ) !!! neutron pair scattering at N=40 ? E(0 + 2 ) !!! Influence of proton excitations across Z=28 ? Influence of neutron excitations across N=50 ? Even-A zinc isotopes (Z=30) Results around Z=28 : Even-A zinc isotopes
Z f 7/2 p 1/2 f 5/2 p 3/2 sd-shell g 9/2 40 p 1/2 f 5/2 p 3/ g 9/2 40 f 7/2 sd-shell Results around Z=28 : Even-A zinc isotopes N = 50 isotones
Early Ji-Wildenthal empirical effective interaction PRC 37, p (1988) Z f 7/2 p 1/2 f 5/2 p 3/2 sd-shell g 9/2 40 p 1/2 f 5/2 p 3/ g 9/2 40 f 7/2 sd-shell Results around Z=28 : Even-A zinc isotopes N = 50 isotones
f 7/2 p 1/2 f 5/2 p 3/2 sd-shell g 9/2 40 p 1/2 f 5/2 p 3/ g 9/2 40 f 7/2 sd-shell ORNL - Padilla-Rodal et al., PRL 94, (2005) The benefit of post-accelerated RIBs ! Results around Z=28 : Even-A zinc isotopes Z N = 50 isotones
f 7/2 p 1/2 f 5/2 p 3/2 sd-shell g 9/2 40 p 1/2 f 5/2 p 3/ g 9/2 40 f 7/2 sd-shell REX-ISOLDE - Van de Walle et al., PRL 99, (2007) The benefit of post-accelerated RIBs ! Z Results around Z=28 : Even-A zinc isotopes N = 50 isotones
JJ4B e ,e = 1.76,0.97 [A. Lisetskiy, A. Brown, et al] Z f 7/2 p 1/2 f 5/2 p 3/2 sd-shell g 9/2 40 p 1/2 f 5/2 p 3/ g 9/2 40 f 7/2 sd-shell G-matrix [M. Hjorth-Jensen] + monopole adjustments e ,e = 1.9,0.9 [N. Smirnova et al] Early Ji-Wildenthal empirical effective interaction PRC 37, p (1988) Results around Z=28 : Even-A zinc isotopes N = 50 isotones
Neutron Number. Even–A iron isotopes (Z=26) 2+ Ljungval et al., PRC 81, (R) (2010) + Rother et al., arXiv: v1 [nucl-ex] Results around Z=28 : Even-A iron isotopes
Neutron Number. Even–A iron isotopes (Z=26) Lenzi et al., "The land of deformation south of 68 Ni" arXiv: v1 [nucl-th] Include f 7/2, d 5/2 orbitals in the valence space Z=28 shell gap determined from 80 Zn B(E2), e =0.5e Results around Z=28 : Even-A iron isotopes 2+ Ljungval et al., PRC 81, (R) (2010) + Rother et al., arXiv: v1 [nucl-ex]
Neutron Number Even–A iron isotopes (Z=26) Results around Z=28 : Even-A iron isotopes Low energy Coulex : (B(E2),Q(2 + )) Lenzi et al., "The land of deformation south of 68 Ni" arXiv: v1 [nucl-th] Include f 7/2, d 5/2 orbitals in the valence space Z=28 shell gap determined from 80 Zn B(E2), e =0.5e 2+ Ljungval et al., PRC 81, (R) (2010) + Rother et al., arXiv: v1 [nucl-ex]
62 Mn Results around Z=28 : Even-A iron isotopes 62 Mn 62 Fe COULEX -decay 62 Mn + 62 Fe
Results around Z=28 : Even-A iron isotopes Energy [keV] Counts / 4 keV 419 keV 62 Mn 62 Fe 877 keV Gaudefroy et al., EPJA 23, (2005) (3,4) + COULEX
Results around Z=28 : Even-A iron isotopes 419 keV 62 Mn 62 Fe 877 keV (3,4) + COULEX preliminary
Results around Z=28 : Even-A iron isotopes 62 Mn 0.77(5) ms (*) x (1 + ) (3 +,4 + ) (*) Preliminary half lives Cr 62 Fe Neutron Number Energy [MeV] -decay Ni Fe
Results around Z=28 : Even-A iron isotopes 62 Mn 0.15(1) ms (*) 0.77(5) ms (*) x (1 + ) (3 +,4 + ) (*) Preliminary half lives Cr 814 keV : 152(13) ms 62 Fe Neutron Number Energy [MeV] -decay Ni Fe
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