University of Jyväskylä 1 MODPAWIM 2004 Riikka Ahlgren Information Technology Research Institute University of Jyväskylä, Finland Mobile internet application development from organisational point of view

University of Jyväskylä 2 MODPAWIM 2004 Outline  Overview  Mobile value chain –Business actors and their roles  Inter-organisational communication –Organisational compatibility –Barriers and inhibitors  Intra-organisational communication –Organisational memory –Design patterns as communication facilitator  References

University of Jyväskylä 3 MODPAWIM 2004 Contents of the organisational view  Two levels of abstraction: personal and organisational

University of Jyväskylä 4 MODPAWIM 2004 Mobile Value Chain (Chen 2002)  The value to be offered to customers is a sum of several activities in the value chain (Afuah&Tucci 2003).

University of Jyväskylä 5 MODPAWIM 2004 Mobile business actors  Example: Java game application  The number of organisations in one step of the chain may vary heavily.  Communication channels exists between several parties. (Adapted from Kallio et al. 2004)

University of Jyväskylä 6 MODPAWIM 2004 Inter-organisational communication  Communication is needed to make the flow of activities move smoothly and efficiently (e.g. Adler 1995)  Lateral and vertical communication (Bucklin & Sengupta 1993)  Goal is to gain synergy between organisations: 1+1 > 2 (Ratcheva & Vyakarnam 2001)  Education providers role (public and commercial) has not been widely studied –Public: providing vocabulary, concepts and frameworks –Commercial: gathering and distributing current knowledge, facilitating the knowledge distribution –Bringing experts together from various organisations

University of Jyväskylä 7 MODPAWIM 2004 Inter-organisational communication (2)  Organisational compatibility ( Anderson & Narus 1990 ) –shared interests and expectations –power balance  Organisations won’t communicate, people do (Anderson & Narus 1990) –To succeed, organisational support is needed: organisational cultures, management practices and attitudes –Previous contacts and communications create trust –virtual teams  Inhibitors and barriers of communication (e.g. Bucklin & Sengupta 1993) –business secrets, opportunism –needs time and effort: the right number of partners

University of Jyväskylä 8 MODPAWIM 2004 Intraorganisational communication  Distribution of design information inside an organisation: between groups and between individuals –How to facilitate the communication between different areas of expertise? –How to re-use good solutions later on?

University of Jyväskylä 9 MODPAWIM 2004 Communicating design information intraorganisationally  Using design patterns as a part of organisational memory (OM) –Captures existing knowledge in useful manner –In which parts of OM can design patterns be exploited? (acquisition, retention, maintenance, search and retrieval of information) –Use of experimental knowledge is a competitive advantage!  Using design patterns as a communication facilitator (Borchers 2000) –Transferring one’s own expertise to other people from different areas of expertise is difficult –Design patterns can offer a common language  Barriers : –Attitudes: ”Not invented here”, reluctance to share information –Tools, lack of methodology

University of Jyväskylä 10 MODPAWIM 2004 References  Afuah A. & Tucci C.L. (2003) Internet Business Models and strategies. Text and Cases. Second Edition, McGraw- Hill.  Adler, P. (1995). Interdepartmental interdependence and coordination. Organization Science Vol. 6 No. 2..  Anderson J. C & Narus J. A. (1990) A Model of Distributor Firm and Manufacturer Firm Working Partnerships. Journal of Marketing Vol. 54, January  Borchers J. O. (2000). A Pattern approach to interaction design. Proceedings of the conference on Designing interactive systems: processes, practices, methods, and techniques. ACM Press, New York, USA.  Bucklin L. P. & Sengupta S. (1993). Organizing successful co-marketing alliances. Journal of marketing Vol. 57, April  Chen G. (2002). Wireless Location based Services, Technologies, Applications and Management. [online, visited ] Available at:  Herrmann T., Hoffmann M., Jahnke I., Kienle A., Kunau G., Loser K. & Menold N (2003) Knowledge management II: Concepts for usable patterns of groupware applications. Proceedings of the 2003 international ACM SIGGROUP conference on Supporting group work.  Kallio P. (2004) Emergence of Wireless Services. Business actors and their roles in networked component based development. VTT Publications 534, Espoo.  Ratcheva V. & Vyakarnam S. (2001). Exploring team formation processes in virtual partnerships. Integrated manufacturing systems 12/