Problem Solving Meta-strategy

4 Characteristics of Maladaptive Problem Solvers blame self minimize benefits maximized loses (discounting) believe problems insolvable feel inadequate or incompetent

Six Productive Ways to Look at Problems Part of life Opportunity for personal growth, self- control, and self-improvement. Things get worse if not solved Solutions exist They have the ability Takes time and energy

4 Problems in Solving Problems Problem solving takes time and energy. It is easier to avoid solving problems when you are influenced more by your feeling than by reason. People often respond impulsively and do not take the time to think up a solution. Problem solving requires time and energy and a delay in gratification.

Types of Problems 1. Changeable verses unchangeable 2. Problem-focused verses emotion- focused problems.

Problem Solving Overview 1. Rationale 2. Problem Orientation 3. Problem Definition and Formulation 4. Generation of Alternative Solutions 5. Decision Making 6. Solution Implementation and Verification

RATIONALE FOR PROBLEM SOLVING Counselor explains purpose of problem- solving therapy. Counselor provides brief overview of procedure. Get permission

PROBLEM ORIENTATION Counselor determines how the client solves problems. Counselor describes the difference between maladaptive and facilitative problem solving. Counselor determines what cognitive and emotional obstacles the client might have as barriers to solving the problem. Counselor assesses the client's time, energy, and commitment to solving the problem.

PROBLEM DEFINITION AND FORMULATION Counselor describes the problem-solving strategy for the client. Counselor helps the client gather information about the problem. Counselor determines if the client's problem is problem-focused or emotion-focused or both. Counselor helps the client identify problem- solving goals.

GENERATION OF ALTERNATIVE Solutions Counselor presents the guidelines for generating alternative solutions. a) What. b) Defer judgment. c) Quantity. d) Variety.

DECISION MAKING Counselor instructs the client to screen the list of alternative solutions. Counselor provides criteria evaluating each solution. Counselor instructs the client to make decision and select the best solutions compatible with problem-solving goals.

Solution Verification and Implementation Counselor instructs the client to carry out chosen solutions. Counselor informs client about self- monitoring strategy.

Solution Verification and Implementation Counselor instructs the client to use these criteria to assess whether the solution achieves the desired goal for solving the problem. Problem resolved. Emotional well-being. Time and effort exerted. Ratio of total benefits to total costs. Counselor instructs the client about self-reward. Counselor instructs the client what to do if solutions do not solve the problem.