All About Exoplanets Dimitar D. Sasselov Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics.

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Presentation transcript:

All About Exoplanets Dimitar D. Sasselov Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics

Planets Orbiting Other Stars Number of planets discovered around stars like our Sun: 123 planets 13 multiple planet systems

A new field with 3 basic questions: How do planets & planetary systems form and survive ? What is the physical diversity of planets ? What is the planetary perspective to the origin of life ?

Environments we can call home

A new field with 3 basic questions: How do planets & planetary systems form and survive ? What is the physical diversity of planets ? What is the planetary perspective to the origin of life ?

UpsAnd System vs. Solar System

Planets Form Shortly After Their Parent Stars: Galaxy Molecular Cloud Complex Star-Forming “Globule” Circumstellar Disk Extrasolar System ?

Methods for Planet Discovery: several, but only 3 have been successful so far Radial Velocity Measurements (119) - looking for the Doppler shifts due to “Stellar Wobble” as planet pulls on star, Transit Measurements (3) - looking for periodic dimming as planet eclipses star. & Gravitational Microlensing signal (1).

New Method of Discovery Transit Measurements

Venus in Front of the Sun

Transit Measurements

Evidence for Planet OGLE-TR-56b Transit Light Curve Radial Velocities Torres, Konacki, Sasselov, Jha, 2004, Astrophys. J.

What did we find ? Unique Orbit = 29 hours Mass = 1.4 Jupiters Density = 1.0 g/cm3 denser than Saturn Iron rain

OGLE-TR-113b Transit Light Curve Radial Velocities Konacki, Torres, Sasselov, Jha (2004)

The Other Known Transiting Extrasolar Planet HD b: Dimming of light due to transit, observed with HST. Brown, Charbonneau, Gilliland, Noyes, Burrows (2001) Transits tell us DIRECTLY: Planet radius, INDIRECTLY: Planet density Planet composition

Model: Seager & Sasselov 2000 Detection: Charbonneau et al 2002

The HAT Network: FLWO Mt.Hopkins AZ

The HAT Network: Mauna Kea Obs. Hawaii

Mochejska et al

Survey for Transiting Exo-Planets in Stellar Systems Gaudi et al

Surveying Extrasolar Planets: the First Step MOST - “Microvariability & Oscillations of Stars” - Canada’s First Space Telescope; We will use MOST to detect the reflected light from known “hot Jupiters”; The details of the reflected light will tell us about the particle size & composition of the planet’s clouds.

Photometric Light Curves Very slight changes in the light as planet changes phase, Requires precise photometry from space - MOST.

Scattered Light Curves: 3 Examples Seager, Whitney, & Sasselov 2000 Green, Matthews, et al nm

Environments we can call home

One of Humankind’s Biggest Questions: What is the path from Stars to Life ? - a major inter-disciplinary effort, with - astrophysics providing the ‘stage’; - First step: to discover Earth twins.

What Would It Take ? Lynnette Cook

KEPLER: Search for Earth Twins NASA Mission - launch in 2007 Transit Search: ~100,000 stars Can detect planets like our Earth GOAL: discover 1,000’s of medium and giant planets; also ~12 Earths in habitable zones.

Terrestrial Planet Finder Find and characterize Earth-like planets Reduce the glare of the parent star by one million to one billion Launch date 2015 Observe stars within 50 light years Alcatel Space Industries