Introduction to Greek and Roman History Lecture 11 Rome, the Etruscans and the early Republic: 753-300 B.C.

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Presentation transcript:

Introduction to Greek and Roman History Lecture 11 Rome, the Etruscans and the early Republic: B.C.

Why Rome? The physical centre of the Empire

Vitruvius, De architectura VI Italy, lying between the North and the South, combines the advantages of each, and her pre- eminence is well founded and beyond dispute. So by her wisdom she can repel the assaults of the northern barbarians, by her courage she can defeat the ploys of the southerners. It was therefore, a divine intelligence that placed the city of the Roman people in an excellent and temperate country, so that she might acquire the right to rule over the whole world. Dio Cassius, Roman History LIV.8 At this time, Augustus was appointed the Commissioner for all roads in the neighbourhood of Rome. As such, he set up the Golden Milestone… Plutarch, Life of Galba 24 He went down into the Forum, where stands the golden column which is the terminal point of all the roads that pass through Italy. Why Rome? The physical centre of the Empire

Pre-Roman Italy

Rome: The earliest settlement

Romulus’ Roma Quadrata (Squared Rome)

Via Salaria: The road that led to Rome

Huts on the Palatine hill

Italy and the The Etruscan Empire

Etruscan Hilltop cities (Bagnoregio)

The Early Forum Romanum

Lapis Niger from the Roman Forum ca BC

Etruscan temple reconstruction

Etruscan Art

A final resting place: Cerverteri (Caere)

Etruscan Tomb art Tomb of the Lionessess (below) Tomb of the Triclinium (right)

Tomb of the Diver

Sarcophagus of the Spouses

British Museum Etruscan Sarcophagus (4 th C. BC)

Pyrgi Lamellae Tablets 5 th c. BC

Fasces from Vetulonia (Etruria)

The centuriae system Property classNumber of centuriesTotal equites18 Class 1 40 senorium 40 iuniorum 80 Class 2 10 senorium 10 iuniorum 20 Class 3 10 senorium 10 iuniorum 20 Class 4 10 senorium 10 iuniorum 20 Class 5 15 senorium 15 iuniorum 30 proletarii11 special craftsmen, (fabri and cornicines) 44 Total votes193

The Cursus Honorum: Something for Everyone?

Expansion of Rome, B.C.

Submission of Latium and southern Etruria,

: War against the Veii

Servian Walls 378 B.C.

Servian Walls 378 B.C.

The Samnite Wars,