 Much higher levels of unemployment  Low levels of trust and social capital  Higher levels of divorce  Lower quality of health care

 Higher infant mortality rate  Lower educational achievement  More likely to drop out of school  Higher incidents of mental illness

 ◦ The development of an oppositional sub-culture ◦ A response to “alienation”  The code “dictates” social interaction in the inner city  The code as a:

 Socialization at home and on the streets  The code is “just”  families ◦ Generally accept “mainstream” values  families  Campaigning for Respect”  What is “respect?” ◦

 Gaining Respect ◦ ◦  ◦ A violent, “zero-sum” game.  ◦  Manhood, and the code as a shield

 What is Justice?  Key Concepts ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦

 Setting the stage ◦ Rising crime rate in DC  ◦ Demographic trends ◦ Martinson, 1974  ◦ Rise of “just desserts” model of punishment

 The “objective” vs. the “subjective”   ◦ 64 arrests within a two-block radius ◦ 120 men “admitted to the D.C. correctional system…”  25% of them on drug charges  Others on charges related to drug addiction

 Barring Blacks from White neighborhoods ◦ ◦ ◦  Population shifts from the cities to the suburbs  Social Disorganization

 Living in a socially-disorganized neighborhood ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦

 Becoming socially disorganized ◦ Signs of social disorganization      ◦ Consequences of social disorganization

 The loss of human and social capital. ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦

 Loss of community  Different perspectives ◦ ◦

 Value families no less than others  Missing fathers in ½ the families  Why are they missing?  Collateral damage…

 Importance of families for socialization  Londa and Derek ◦ Network map on page 42 ◦ ◦ ◦