Introduction to the Task A Task Force Meeting B. Garitte and A. Gens 2nd DECOVALEX 2011 workshop, 20 th of October 2008, Wakkanai, Japan Dept. of Geotechnical Engineering and Geosciences TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF CATALONIA (UPC)

Data from VE test (NF-PRO)

 Schedule of Task A  Background of Task A  Description of step 0  Participants Index

Schedule of Task A  Step 0: Identification of relevant processes and of Opalinus Clay parameters. Modelling of the laboratory drying test.  Step 1: Hydromechanical modelling up to the end of Phase 1.  Step 2: Hydromechanical modelling up to the end of Phase 2 using parameters backcalculated from step 1. Advanced features as permeability anisotropy, rock damage and permeability increase in the damaged zone may be considered.  Step 3: Hydromechanical and geochemical modelling of the full test. Conservative transport and one species considered.  Step 4: Hydromechanical and geochemical modelling of the full test. Reactive transport and full geochemical model (optional).

Schedule of Task A  Step 0: Identification of relevant processes and of Opalinus Clay parameters. Modelling of the laboratory drying test.  Step 1: Hydromechanical modelling up to the end of Phase 1.  Step 2: Hydromechanical modelling up to the end of Phase 2 using parameters backcalculated from step 1. Advanced features as permeability anisotropy, rock damage and permeability increase in the damaged zone may be considered.  Step 3: Hydromechanical and geochemical modelling of the full test. Conservative transport and one species considered.  Step 4: Hydromechanical and geochemical modelling of the full test. Reactive transport and full geochemical model (optional).

Schedule of Task A  Step 0: Identification of relevant processes and of Opalinus Clay parameters. Modelling of the laboratory drying test.  Step 1: Hydromechanical modelling up to the end of Phase 1.  Step 2: Hydromechanical modelling up to the end of Phase 2 using parameters backcalculated from step 1. Advanced features as permeability anisotropy, rock damage and permeability increase in the damaged zone may be considered.  Step 3: Hydromechanical and geochemical modelling of the full test. Conservative transport and one species considered.  Step 4: Hydromechanical and geochemical modelling of the full test. Reactive transport and full geochemical model (optional).

Granite 200m – 450 m deep Generic, purpose-built Opalinus (hard) clay 400m deep Generic, not purpose-built C-O argillite (hard clay) 450m – 520 m deep Site-specific Boom clay (plastic) 230m deep Generic, purpose-built Rock salt 490m – 800m deep Generic, not purpose-built Granite 450m deep Generic, not purpose-built Background of Task A

Mont Terri Project Located in Northern Switzerland Opalinus clay (shale) 400 m deep Operating since 1995 Generic, not purpose - built 1: Mont Terri rock laboratory, 400 m beneath the hill 2: Southern entrance of the motorway tunnel Source: Mont Terri website Background of Task A

Overconsolidated clay Low porosity (±15%) Water content (±6%) Density (2.45 g/cm 3 ) Low permeability (± m/s) Variation of stiffness (2 to 10 GPa) UCS (10 to 20 MPa) Anisotropic material Temperature Mechanical (Strength and stiffness) Hydraulic (?: selfhealing) Stiff layered Mesozoic clay of marine origin Background of Task A

Location of the ventilation test Raise bored horizontal microtunnel

Background of Task A Ventilation test section MI niche 1.3m

Background of Task A  Saturation 1: 11 months  Desaturation 1: 8 months  Saturation 2: 11.5 months  Desaturation 2: 20.5 months  Continuous water mass balance  Water content profiles  Relative humidity  Water pressure  Displacements  Geochemical characterization Ventilation test

Objective of Task A The main objective of the task is to examine the hydromechanical and chemical changes that may occur in argillaceous host rocks, especially in relation to the ventilation of drifts.

Description of step 0  Objectives:  Brainstorming about theoretical formulations to be used in Task A  Determination of a set of parameters for Opalinus Clay  Reproduction of a laboratory drying experiment (Floria et al, 2002)  Material provided: Physical prop. All (project data), water content prof. Hydraulic prop. Floria (2002), Muñoz (2003), Solexperts (2003) Mechanical prop. Bock (2001) Hydro-Mech. coupling Various Hydro-Mechanical info from chemical reports. Traber ( 2003, 2004), Fernandez (2007), Noy (2003)

Description of step 0 Drying test: lay out

Description of step 0 Impermeable lateral boundaries 10cm 28cm Temperature 30ºC Relative humidity [%] 20% 50% 142 days

Description of step 0 Impermeable lateral boundaries 10cm 28cm Air velocity [cm/s] 30 [cm/s] 70 [cm/s] 9000gr. Mass [grams] Water pan: = 9.2cm

Description of step 0 Water content profiles Water lost during drying Initial water content (porosity = 16%), = 7%. Amount to 352gr. water 59gr. water 60gr. water

Description of step 0 Water content profiles Water lost during drying Initial water content (porosity = 16%), = 7%. Amount to 352gr. water 121gr. water 130gr. water

Description of step 0 Water content profiles Water lost during drying Initial water content (porosity = 16%), = 7%. Amount to 352gr. water

Description of step 0 Water content profiles Water lost during drying Initial water content (porosity = 16%), = 7%. Amount to 352gr. water 151gr. water 156gr. water

Participants Modelling teamCASCEAJAEAQuintessaUoE PersonLiu Xiaoyan/Jing LanruAlain Millard Shigeo Nakama Alex BondChris McDermott On behalf ofWHUIRSNJAEANDA CountryChinaFranceJapanUK  Comparison issues between different teams:  (T)H(M) formulation  Parameter set for Opalinus Clay  Model setup (top boundary condition)  Model results

Participants CASCEAJAEAQuintessaUoE Physical Solid grain densityρ s [kg/m3] Porosityφ Hydraulic Intrinsic permeabilityk [m2] Dynamic viscosityμ [Pa.s] Liquid relative permeabilityλ’ Vapour diffusion coefficient Mechanical Young modulusE [GPa] Poisson coefficientν Friction angleφ [º] Cohesionc [MPa] Hydro-Mech. coupling Suction bulk modulusK s [GPa] Air entry value (retention curve)P 0 [MPa] Shape parameter (retention curve)λ Maximum suction (retention curve)*P s [MPa] Second shape parameter (retention curve)*λsλs Residual and maximum saturation (retention curve)S rl – S rs * Modified Van Genuchten

Participants CASCEAJAEAQuintessaUoE Physical Solid grain densityρ s [kg/m3] Porosityφ Hydraulic Intrinsic permeabilityk [m2] Dynamic viscosityμ [Pa.s] Liquid relative permeabilityλ’ Vapour diffusion coefficient Mechanical Young modulusE [GPa] Poisson coefficientν Friction angleφ [º] Cohesionc [MPa] Hydro-Mech. coupling Suction bulk modulusK s [GPa] Air entry value (retention curve)P 0 [MPa] Shape parameter (retention curve)λ Maximum suction (retention curve)*P s [MPa] Second shape parameter (retention curve)*λsλs Residual and maximum saturation (retention curve)S rl – S rs * Modified Van Genuchten

Participants CASCEAJAEAQuintessaUoE Physical Solid grain densityρ s [kg/m3] Porosityφ Hydraulic Intrinsic permeabilityk [m2] Dynamic viscosityμ [Pa.s] Liquid relative permeabilityλ’ Vapour diffusion coefficient Mechanical Young modulusE [GPa] Poisson coefficientν Friction angleφ [º] Cohesionc [MPa] Hydro-Mech. coupling Suction bulk modulusK s [GPa] Air entry value (retention curve)P 0 [MPa] Shape parameter (retention curve)λ Maximum suction (retention curve)*P s [MPa] Second shape parameter (retention curve)*λsλs Residual and maximum saturation (retention curve)S rl – S rs * Modified Van Genuchten

Participants CASCEAJAEAQuintessaUoE Physical Solid grain densityρ s [kg/m3] Porosityφ Hydraulic Intrinsic permeabilityk [m2] Dynamic viscosityμ [Pa.s] Liquid relative permeabilityλ’ Vapour diffusion coefficient Mechanical Young modulusE [GPa] Poisson coefficientν Friction angleφ [º] Cohesionc [MPa] Hydro-Mech. coupling Suction bulk modulusK s [GPa] Air entry value (retention curve)P 0 [MPa] Shape parameter (retention curve)λ Maximum suction (retention curve)*P s [MPa] Second shape parameter (retention curve)*λsλs Residual and maximum saturation (retention curve)S rl – S rs * Modified Van Genuchten

Participants CASCEAJAEAQuintessaUoE Physical Solid grain densityρ s [kg/m3] Porosityφ Hydraulic Intrinsic permeabilityk [m2] Dynamic viscosityμ [Pa.s] Liquid relative permeabilityλ’ Vapour diffusion coefficient Mechanical Young modulusE [GPa] Poisson coefficientν Friction angleφ [º] Cohesionc [MPa] Hydro-Mech. coupling Suction bulk modulusK s [GPa] Air entry value (retention curve)P 0 [MPa] Shape parameter (retention curve)λ Maximum suction (retention curve)*P s [MPa] Second shape parameter (retention curve)*λsλs Residual and maximum saturation (retention curve)S rl – S rs * Modified Van Genuchten