RULE-BASED OBJECT-ORIENTED MODELLING OF PUBLIC TRANSPORT SYSTEMS Centre for Traffic and Transport (CTT), Technical University of Denmark (DTU) RULE-BASED OBJECT- ORIENTED MODELLING OF PUBLIC TRANSPORT SYSTEMS Otto Anker Nielsen Research Professor, Ph.D. Centre for Traffic and Transport Technical University of Denmark

RULE-BASED OBJECT-ORIENTED MODELLING OF PUBLIC TRANSPORT SYSTEMS Centre for Traffic and Transport (CTT), Technical University of Denmark (DTU) The Presentation The project Background Object oriented approaches The data model Elements of the Transport Object Platform Examples Utilising TOP in transit assignment procedures Advantages / summary

RULE-BASED OBJECT-ORIENTED MODELLING OF PUBLIC TRANSPORT SYSTEMS Centre for Traffic and Transport (CTT), Technical University of Denmark (DTU) The project Internally funded development project Developed in cooperation between WS Atkins, the Technical University of Denmark and ESRI Aim: Making it possible to handle complex, multi-modal transportation data in a GIS On top of that: Advanced analysis and modelling tools

RULE-BASED OBJECT-ORIENTED MODELLING OF PUBLIC TRANSPORT SYSTEMS Centre for Traffic and Transport (CTT), Technical University of Denmark (DTU) Background TOP Market Opportunity Research (BRIDGES) Technology Available (ArcGIS) Practical Experience (CRM) Research (SPOTLIGHT)

RULE-BASED OBJECT-ORIENTED MODELLING OF PUBLIC TRANSPORT SYSTEMS Centre for Traffic and Transport (CTT), Technical University of Denmark (DTU) Typical problems in prior GIS

RULE-BASED OBJECT-ORIENTED MODELLING OF PUBLIC TRANSPORT SYSTEMS Centre for Traffic and Transport (CTT), Technical University of Denmark (DTU) A detailed traffic model covering half of Denmark Timetables (all runs with about 2,500 lines ~ 0.4 mio. stops, 30,000 stop groups and 4 mio. pseudo arcs) Background – East Denmark Model (CRM)

RULE-BASED OBJECT-ORIENTED MODELLING OF PUBLIC TRANSPORT SYSTEMS Centre for Traffic and Transport (CTT), Technical University of Denmark (DTU) Complex dataflow, Difficult to maintain consistency Separate models used proprietary data formats Background - CRM

RULE-BASED OBJECT-ORIENTED MODELLING OF PUBLIC TRANSPORT SYSTEMS Centre for Traffic and Transport (CTT), Technical University of Denmark (DTU) Background - Technology Newest generation of GIS is: Object Oriented Flexible - new and customisable data models, etc. Extensible & Programmable - embedded functionality Open - Standard DBMS, COM, VBA etc. Offers advanced features - tools, versioned editing etc. It is now possible to create new topological objects, design new data models and embed functionality!

RULE-BASED OBJECT-ORIENTED MODELLING OF PUBLIC TRANSPORT SYSTEMS Centre for Traffic and Transport (CTT), Technical University of Denmark (DTU) Object oriented approaches (1) Objects encapsulates: – Properties – Functionalities – Events

RULE-BASED OBJECT-ORIENTED MODELLING OF PUBLIC TRANSPORT SYSTEMS Centre for Traffic and Transport (CTT), Technical University of Denmark (DTU) Object oriented approaches (2) Objects can: – Inherit properties and functionalities – Be grouped together (within or between classes) – Be related to each other (within or between classes) – In ArcInfo they can also follow connectivity rules to each other

RULE-BASED OBJECT-ORIENTED MODELLING OF PUBLIC TRANSPORT SYSTEMS Centre for Traffic and Transport (CTT), Technical University of Denmark (DTU) The Transport Object Platform consists of Conceptual model Data model Programmed functionality in data objects Editing and Visualization tools Advanced modelling and analysis tools

RULE-BASED OBJECT-ORIENTED MODELLING OF PUBLIC TRANSPORT SYSTEMS Centre for Traffic and Transport (CTT), Technical University of Denmark (DTU) Data model (1)

RULE-BASED OBJECT-ORIENTED MODELLING OF PUBLIC TRANSPORT SYSTEMS Centre for Traffic and Transport (CTT), Technical University of Denmark (DTU) Data model (2) TOP Conceptual Overview

RULE-BASED OBJECT-ORIENTED MODELLING OF PUBLIC TRANSPORT SYSTEMS Centre for Traffic and Transport (CTT), Technical University of Denmark (DTU) Data model (3) TOP Conceptual Overview

RULE-BASED OBJECT-ORIENTED MODELLING OF PUBLIC TRANSPORT SYSTEMS Centre for Traffic and Transport (CTT), Technical University of Denmark (DTU) Data model (4)

RULE-BASED OBJECT-ORIENTED MODELLING OF PUBLIC TRANSPORT SYSTEMS Centre for Traffic and Transport (CTT), Technical University of Denmark (DTU) Data model (5) TimePatternDiscreteRun FrequencyRun «RelationshipClass» RouteDetail Route «RelationshipClass» TimePatternDetail Turn StopRouteSegmentStopJunction TransportEdgeMatrixMatrixElement Terminator «RelationshipClass» RouteSegmentDetail StopEdge ESRI Classes::Object Run ESRI Classes::FeatureESRI Classes::SimpleEdgeFeature ESRI Classes::SimpleJunctionFeature ChangeEdgeConnector TransportJunction DEMAND ROUTE NETWORK PHYSICAL NETWORK Terminals

RULE-BASED OBJECT-ORIENTED MODELLING OF PUBLIC TRANSPORT SYSTEMS Centre for Traffic and Transport (CTT), Technical University of Denmark (DTU) Stops

RULE-BASED OBJECT-ORIENTED MODELLING OF PUBLIC TRANSPORT SYSTEMS Centre for Traffic and Transport (CTT), Technical University of Denmark (DTU) A Road Network

RULE-BASED OBJECT-ORIENTED MODELLING OF PUBLIC TRANSPORT SYSTEMS Centre for Traffic and Transport (CTT), Technical University of Denmark (DTU) Stops are added, they automatically connect to the roads

RULE-BASED OBJECT-ORIENTED MODELLING OF PUBLIC TRANSPORT SYSTEMS Centre for Traffic and Transport (CTT), Technical University of Denmark (DTU) Draw bus routes by clicking near StopJunctions, where the bus stops and near roads to guide the bus

RULE-BASED OBJECT-ORIENTED MODELLING OF PUBLIC TRANSPORT SYSTEMS Centre for Traffic and Transport (CTT), Technical University of Denmark (DTU) The Route automatically swaps to the road network, builds relationships to the roads and creates Timepatterns

RULE-BASED OBJECT-ORIENTED MODELLING OF PUBLIC TRANSPORT SYSTEMS Centre for Traffic and Transport (CTT), Technical University of Denmark (DTU) A road is modified…

RULE-BASED OBJECT-ORIENTED MODELLING OF PUBLIC TRANSPORT SYSTEMS Centre for Traffic and Transport (CTT), Technical University of Denmark (DTU) …and the Route changes. Drivingtime in the TimePatterns is likewise changed

RULE-BASED OBJECT-ORIENTED MODELLING OF PUBLIC TRANSPORT SYSTEMS Centre for Traffic and Transport (CTT), Technical University of Denmark (DTU) Grab a Stop and move it…

RULE-BASED OBJECT-ORIENTED MODELLING OF PUBLIC TRANSPORT SYSTEMS Centre for Traffic and Transport (CTT), Technical University of Denmark (DTU) The Stop triggers move of the StopJunction, which in turn shortens the Route and changes TimePatterns.

RULE-BASED OBJECT-ORIENTED MODELLING OF PUBLIC TRANSPORT SYSTEMS Centre for Traffic and Transport (CTT), Technical University of Denmark (DTU) Modifying a road with Stops…

RULE-BASED OBJECT-ORIENTED MODELLING OF PUBLIC TRANSPORT SYSTEMS Centre for Traffic and Transport (CTT), Technical University of Denmark (DTU) …will modify the Route and TimePatterns and move the StopJunctions, but leave the Stops

RULE-BASED OBJECT-ORIENTED MODELLING OF PUBLIC TRANSPORT SYSTEMS Centre for Traffic and Transport (CTT), Technical University of Denmark (DTU) Moving a road and rubberbanding..

RULE-BASED OBJECT-ORIENTED MODELLING OF PUBLIC TRANSPORT SYSTEMS Centre for Traffic and Transport (CTT), Technical University of Denmark (DTU) …also changes Routes and StopJunctions and TimePatterns

RULE-BASED OBJECT-ORIENTED MODELLING OF PUBLIC TRANSPORT SYSTEMS Centre for Traffic and Transport (CTT), Technical University of Denmark (DTU) In addition complex scheduling data like these…

RULE-BASED OBJECT-ORIENTED MODELLING OF PUBLIC TRANSPORT SYSTEMS Centre for Traffic and Transport (CTT), Technical University of Denmark (DTU)..can be presented in 3D.

RULE-BASED OBJECT-ORIENTED MODELLING OF PUBLIC TRANSPORT SYSTEMS Centre for Traffic and Transport (CTT), Technical University of Denmark (DTU) Utilising TOP in Public transport assignment models Different conceptual levels of networks: Geographic network Organisational network Calculation network (logical network, not only a graph)

RULE-BASED OBJECT-ORIENTED MODELLING OF PUBLIC TRANSPORT SYSTEMS Centre for Traffic and Transport (CTT), Technical University of Denmark (DTU) Multi-modal modelling – extracting the logical network from TOP

RULE-BASED OBJECT-ORIENTED MODELLING OF PUBLIC TRANSPORT SYSTEMS Centre for Traffic and Transport (CTT), Technical University of Denmark (DTU) Rule based assignment models The graph is built dynamically (graph pruning) Search algorithms utilise the hierarchical structure of the network Á priori knowledge and geographical information can be used in label correction methods Refer to paper at TRISTAN IV

RULE-BASED OBJECT-ORIENTED MODELLING OF PUBLIC TRANSPORT SYSTEMS Centre for Traffic and Transport (CTT), Technical University of Denmark (DTU) Advantages and summary GIS Environment is easy to use & intuitive Open, Extensible & Programmable Handles multiple layers of data, maintains consistency By using consistent and detailed data, better and faster models can be implemented Cut data-handling efforts significantly Facilitate work with more detailed data