Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings PowerPoint ® Lecture Slide Presentation prepared by Christine L. Case Microbiology B.E Pruitt & Jane J. Stein AN INTRODUCTION EIGHTH EDITION TORTORA FUNKE CASE Chapter 10, part A Classification of Microorganisms
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Taxonomy The science of classifying organisms Provides universal names for organisms Provides a reference for identifying organisms
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Taxonomy Systematics or phylogeny The study of the evolutionary history of organisms All Species Inventory ( ) To identify all species of life on Earth
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Taxonomy 1735Plant and Animal Kingdoms 1857Bacteria & fungi put in the Plant Kingdom 1866Kingdom Protista proposed for bacteria, protozoa, algae, & fungi 1937"Prokaryote" introduced for cells "without a nucleus" 1961Prokaryote defined as cells in which nucleoplasm is not surrounded by a nuclear membrane 1959Kingdom Fungi 1968Kingdom Prokaryotae proposed 1978Two types of prokaryotic cells found
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings The Three-Domain System Table 10.1
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings The Three-Domain System Figure 10.1
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Table 10.2
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Endosymbiotic Theory Figure 10.3 Figure 10.2
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Scientific Names Scientific binomialSource of Genus name Source of Specific epithet Kbebsiella pneumoniaeHonors Edwin KlebsThe disease Pfiesteria piscicidaHonors Lois PfiesterDisease in fish Salmonella typhimuriumHonors Daniel SalmonStupor (typh-) in mice (muri-) Streptococcus pyogenesChains of cells (strepto-)Forms pus (pyo-) Penicillium notatumTuftlike (penicill-)Spores spread in wind (nota) Trypanosoma cruziCorkscrew-like (trypano-, borer; soma-body) Honors Oswaldo Cruz
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Taxonomic Hierarchy Figure 10.5
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Species Definition Eukaryotic species: A group of closely related organisms that breed among themselves Prokaryotic species: A population of cells with similar characteristics Clone: Population of cells derived from a single cell Strain: Genetically different cells within a clone Viral species: Population of viruses with similar characteristics that occupies a particular ecological niche
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Animalia: Multicellular; no cell walls; chemoheterotrophic Plantae: Multicellular; cellulose cell walls; usually photoautotrophic Fungi: Chemoheterotrophic; unicellular or multicellular; cell walls of chitin; develop from spores or hyphal fragments Protista: A catchall for eukaryotic organisms that do not fit other kingdoms Domain Eukarya
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Prokaryotes Figure 10.6
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings References Bergey’s Manual of Determinative Bacteriology Provides identification schemes for identifying bacteria and archaea Morphology, differential staining, biochemical tests Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology Provides phylogenetic information on bacteria and archaea Based on rRNA sequencing Approved Lists of Bacterial Names Lists species of known prokaryotes Based on published articles
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Identification Methods Morphological characteristics: Useful for identifying eukaryotes Differential staining: Gram staining, acid-fast staining Biochemical tests: Determines presence of bacterial enzymes Figure 10.8
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 10.7