Friday: Breslauer chapter 3.. Chanukah Book of Daniel & “Apocalypse” Written as prophecy of empires & God’s final victory End of the world God will create.

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Presentation transcript:

Friday: Breslauer chapter 3.

Chanukah

Book of Daniel & “Apocalypse” Written as prophecy of empires & God’s final victory End of the world God will create a new world for the pious

164 bce Maccabees rule but Syrian troops stay in Jerusalem.

142 bce Independence from Syria. Maccabees claim to be “High Priests” and “Kings” “Zadokite” Priesthood abolished M. Claim “Zadok” as ancestor.

“Messiah” Bible predicts a hero to restore the true religion / government for Jews. Maccabees associate themselves with predictions. Others make similar claims.

Maccabees Claim total power Oppressive Face Jewish opposition.

Parties Sadducees: “Zadokites” Priestly class. Pharisees: Torah interpreters for masses. Essenes: Sectarians. Very Apocalyptic –LIVE SEPARATELY. Hermits Zealots: Militants

63 bce Rome Defeats Judah, Replaces Hasmoneans. –Puppet Kings Temple Desecrated.

Roman Puppet Kings HEROD the Great: Expands Temple “Western Wall” “Wailing Wall” Distrusted by Judeans.

Western Wall: Holiest site Jews now have access to

Pharisees and Sadducees Different beliefs Interpretation of Torah.

Shavuot Count 50 days “from morning after the Sabbath” Sad. “Literalists”, count from Sabbath that occurred during Pesach. Phar. say,from the second day of Pesach: “Sabbath” is a figure of speech

Sabbath: “Light no fires” Sad. say: have no fires at all. Phar. say: a pre-lit fire is o.k.. –Spirit of Joy more important than legislation.

Resurrection Sad. “No” Phar. “Yes” What of Maimonides??

Fate / Destiny Sad. “No” Phar. “Yes”

Atonement Sad. A ritual procedure / Law Phar. A personal quest for righteousness

Revolution against Rome Sadducees, Pharisees try accommodation Essenes already living separately Reject Jerusalem: too defiled.

War ce 1 st Jewish Rebellion 70 ce Jerusalem destroyed. 73 ce: MASADA

Masada

Yohanan ben Zakkai Refined Pharisaic Ideas: Made peace with Romans Allowed to form a leadership for Jews.

2 nd century C.E.