Final Exam Review PUB/POS 140 May 6, 2008

Definitions of Public Policy Birkland pg. 18

Anecdotal & Empirical Evidence

Historical Eras of Policy Divided Power 1789-1860 State Activism 1860-1936 National Activism 1936-1960 National Standards 1960-1980 The End of Big Government 1980 - ? Historical Eras of Policy Divided Power 1789-1860 State Activism 1860-1936 National Activism 1936-1960 National Standards 1960-1980 The End of Big Government – 1980-? The future? That’s why we’re studying this subject!

Elements of American Stability Birkland pg. 38

Fragmentation Horizontal – Separation of Powers Vertical – Federalism Balance of Power – Birkland Table 2.3, pg45

Market vs. Polis Stone Chapter 1 Concepts of Society pg. 33

Official Actors and Their Roles Legislative Branch - Congress Executive Branch - President Judicial Branch - Courts Administrative Agencies

Unofficial Actors and Their Roles Individual Citizens Interest Groups Political Parties Think Tanks Communications Media

Subgovernments Iron Triangles – Figure 4.2 Policy Networks – Birkland pg. 100 Focusing Events / Social Movements – pg101

Goals of Public Policy Stone Part II Equity Security Liberty Efficiency Security Liberty

Defining Problems Stone Part III Symbols Numbers Causes

Agenda Setting Birkland Chapter 5 Figure 5.1 Levels of the Agenda Power Indicators, Focusing Events, and Agenda Change Conditions and Problems Table 5.1 Types of Causal Theories with Examples

Policies & Solutions Stone Part IV Inducements Rules Rights

Policy Types and Policy Change Birkland Chapter 6

Lowi’s Policy Typology as updated by Ripley and Franklin Distributive Protective Regulatory Competitive Regulatory Redistributive

Wilson’s Cost/Benefit Typology Source: Derived from James Q Wilson’s Cost/Benefit Typology Source: Derived from James Q. Wilson, Organizations and Public Policy. (New York: Basic Books, Chapter 16) Interest Group Politics Entrepreneurial Politics Client Oriented Politics Majoritarian Politics

Elements of Policy Design: Birkland Chapter 7 Goals Causal Model Targets Tools of the policy Implementation

Target Populations Ingram and Schneider Typology Advantaged Groups Contender Groups Dependent Groups Deviant Groups

Tools of Government: (Salamon 2002) Dimensions Visibility Automaticity Coercion Directness Criteria Effectiveness Efficiency Equity Manageability Political Feasibility

Tools of Government source: Lester Salamon Direct Government Economic Regulation Social Regulation Government Insurance Public Information Corrective Taxes, Charges and Trading Permits Contracting Out Grants Loans / Loan Guarantees Tax Expenditures Vouchers Tort Liability

Implementation & Policy Failure Political Commitment Administrative Capacity Bottom-up Implementation Top-down Implementation Conflict/Ambiguity Model Administrative Implementation Political Implementation Symbolic Implementation Experimental Implementation

Steps for a Policy Analysis (adapted from Bardach’s “Eight-Step Path of Policy Analysis”) Define the Problem Assemble Some Evidence Construct the Alternatives Select the Criteria Project the Outcomes Confront the Tradeoffs Decide Tell Your Story

PUB/POS 140 Final Exam When? Where? What should you bring? Tuesday, May 13th 10:30am – 12:30am Arrive approximately 15 minutes early – so we can hand out materials and begin the exam can promptly at 10:30!! Where? Our Lecture Center LC 7 What should you bring? Two #2 pencils An eraser Your Student ID#

A message from your TAs and your instructor Good Luck!!! A message from your TAs and your instructor