Seeds and Seed Germination Topic: 2014 Sources: CSS 101 Dr. Foster, Plant soil Science, and technology by Biondo and Lee

To Make a Seed Pollination –Transfer of pollen form male to female parts Self pollination –Pollen pollinates a flower of the same plant Cross pollination –Pollen pollinates a flower from a different plant Double fertilization –Sperm fuses with an egg making a zygote. A second sperm –nuclei fuses with two nuclei in the embryo sac. It develops into the endosperm (later).

What makes a Seed Seed –Embryo, (young plant) and a food source Seed coat –Protective shell around embryo and endosperm Embryo –Little complete pant inside seed Cotyledons –Leaves on embryo Endosperm –Plants energy source

What makes a seed Hypocotyl –The part of the axis of a plant embryo or seedling plant that is below the cotyledons Plumule –The rudimentary terminal bud of a plant embryo situated at the end of the hypocotyl, consisting of the epicotyl and often of immature leaves. Epicotyl –The stem of a seedling or embryo located between the cotyledons and the first true leaves. Radicle –The part of a plant embryo that develops into a root.

More seed parts Micropyle –A minute opening in the ovule of a seed plant through which the pollen tube usually enters. Hilum –The scar on a seed, such as a bean, indicating the point of attachment to the funiculus (A stalk connecting an ovule or a seed with the placenta)

Conditions for Seed Germination Water Favorable temperatures (40 degrees Feinheight to 104) Oxygen Light or darkness

Germination Steps 1.Water absorbed by seed through seed coat or micropyle 2.Seed cell enlarges 3.Seed respiration increases 4.Metabolic rate increases 5.Protien synthesis increases 6.Enzymatic activity begins 7.Enzymes convert starch to sugar 8.Embyro ruptures seed coat 9.Root and shoot elongation