Symbiosis Species Interaction Topic *1014 Ms. Morris

Symbiosis A close ecological relationship between the individuals of two (or more) different species Sometimes it benefits both species Sometimes one species benefits at the other's expense Sometimes neither species benefits

Mutualism BOTH species benefits –One species gets food, while another gets shelter –One species gets protection, while another gets food

Mutualism – Ants and Acacia trees Image:

Commensalism ONE species benefits, the other is unaffected –One species gets food, while the other is not harmed or benefited –One species gets protection, while the other is not harmed or benefited

Commensalism – Pseudoscorpions on a fly’s leg Image: pick5.pick.uga.edu

Parasitism One species benefits, the other is harmed but not killed –One species gets food, while the other is weakened If the host species was killed, what would happen to the parasite species?

Parasitism - Tomato hornworm is covered with cocoons of pupating braconid wasps Image:

Neutralism Neither species is benefited or harmed –Both species live in the same community, but do not interact

Neutralism – Both cacti and tarantulas live in the desert Images:

Amensalism One species is harmed, while the other is not affected –Forest fires – all species die, but no species benefits –Floral industry – we cut flowers, the flowers die, but we don’t get a real benefit (other than it looks pretty)

Image: Amensalism – Flowers will die, but we get no benefit from it

Competition Both species are harmed –Species fight for food –Organisms within a species fight for a mate –comp.movcomp.mov

Competition – Evergreen Trees are competing for light and nutrients Interspecies – Between two different species Intraspecies - Within a certain species Which is this picture? Image:

Questions What is the difference between parasitism and amensalism? Why don’t parasites let their hosts die? What kind of relationship do ants and acacia trees have? Why doesn’t a competitive relationship benefit any species? Hand this in to Ms. Morris by the end of the day!!! (10 points)