SLIDE 1IS Fall 2002 Database Life Cycle and Introduction to Access University of California, Berkeley School of Information Management and Systems SIMS 257: Database Management

SLIDE 2IS Fall 2002 Lecture Outline Review Database Life Cycle Access and the Diveshop Database

SLIDE 3IS Fall 2002 Lecture Outline Review Database Life Cycle Access and the Diveshop Database

SLIDE 4IS Fall 2002 Database Environment CASE Tools DBMS User Interface Application Programs Repository Database

SLIDE 5IS Fall 2002 Database Components DBMS =============== Design tools Table Creation Form Creation Query Creation Report Creation Procedural language compiler (4GL) ============= Run time Form processor Query processor Report Writer Language Run time User Interface Applications Application Programs Database Database contains: User’s Data Metadata Indexes Application Metadata

SLIDE 6IS Fall 2002 Terms and Concepts Database DBMS Enterprise Entity Attributes Data values Records File Key Primary Key

SLIDE 7IS Fall 2002 Terms and Concepts Data Dictionary Data Administration Database Administration Data Steward DA DBA

SLIDE 8IS Fall 2002 Terms and Concepts Data Independence Models –(1) Levels or views of the Database Conceptual, logical, physical –(2) DBMS types Relational, Hierarchic, Network, Object- Oriented, Object-Relational Metadata

SLIDE 9IS Fall 2002 Models (1) Conceptual Model Logical Model External Model Conceptual requirements Conceptual requirements Conceptual requirements Conceptual requirements Application 1 Application 2Application 3Application 4 Application 2 Application 3 Application 4 External Model External Model External Model Internal Model

SLIDE 10IS Fall 2002 Data Models(2): History Hierarchical Model (1960’s and 1970’s) –Similar to data structures in programming languages. Books (id, title) PublisherSubjects Authors (first, last)

SLIDE 11IS Fall 2002 Data Models(2): History Network Model (1970’s) –Provides for single entries of data and navigational “links” through chains of data. SubjectsBooks Authors Publishers

SLIDE 12IS Fall 2002 Data Models(2): History Relational Model (1980’s) –Provides a conceptually simple model for data as relations (typically considered “tables”) with all data visible.

SLIDE 13IS Fall 2002 Data Models(2): History Object Oriented Data Model (1990’s) –Encapsulates data and operations as “Objects” Books (id, title) PublisherSubjects Authors (first, last)

SLIDE 14IS Fall 2002 Data Models(2): History Object-Relational Model (1990’s) –Combines the well-known properties of the Relational Model with such OO features as: User-defined datatypes User-defined functions Inheritance and sub-classing

SLIDE 15IS Fall 2002 Lecture Outline Review Database Life Cycle Access and the Diveshop Database

SLIDE 16IS Fall 2002 Database System Life Cycle Growth, Change, & Maintenance 6 Operations 5 Integration 4 Design 1 Conversion 3 Physical Creation 2

SLIDE 17IS Fall 2002 Design Determination of the needs of the organization Development of the Conceptual Model of the database –Typically using Entity-Relationship diagramming techniques Construction of a Data Dictionary Development of the Logical Model

SLIDE 18IS Fall 2002 Physical Creation Development of the Physical Model of the Database –data formats and types –determination of indexes, etc. Load a prototype database and test Determine and implement security, privacy and access controls Determine and implement integrity constraints

SLIDE 19IS Fall 2002 Conversion Convert existing data sets and applications to use the new database –May need programs, conversion utilities to convert old data to new formats.

SLIDE 20IS Fall 2002 Integration Overlaps with Phase 3 Integration of converted applications and new applications into the new database

SLIDE 21IS Fall 2002 Operations All applications run full-scale Privacy, security, access control must be in place. Recovery and Backup procedures must be established and used

SLIDE 22IS Fall 2002 Growth, Change & Maintenance Change is a way of life –Applications, data requirements, reports, etc. will all change as new needs and requirements are found –The Database and applications and will need to be modified to meet the needs of changes

SLIDE 23IS Fall 2002 The “Cascade” View Project Identifcation and Selection Project Initiation and Planning Analysis Logical Design Physical Design Implementation Maintenance See Hoffer, p. 42

SLIDE 24IS Fall 2002 Another View of the Life Cycle Operations 5 Conversion 3 Physical Creation 2 Growth, Change 6 Integration 4 Design 1

SLIDE 25IS Fall 2002 Lecture Outline Review Database Life Cycle Access and the Diveshop Database

SLIDE 26IS Fall 2002 Test Database The DiveShop database contains information for the business operations of a skin & scuba diving shop that: –Organizes trips to particular locations (destinations) with various dive sites –Dive sites have various features including types of marine life found there other features (like shipwrecks) –Rents/Sells equipment to dive customers for particular trips.

SLIDE 27IS Fall 2002 ER Diagrams Entity-Relationship Diagrams are one of the main tools for database design We will examine ER diagrams in greater detail later ER Diagrams show Entities (rectangles) and their attributes (ovals) and the relationships between entities (diamonds)

SLIDE 28IS Fall 2002 Diveshop Entities: SITES Destination no Site no Site Name Site Notes Site Highlight Distance From Town (M) Distance From Town (Km) Skill Level Visibility(ft) Depth (m) Depth (ft) Sites Visibility (m) Current

SLIDE 29IS Fall 2002 Diveshop Entities: DIVECUST Name Customer no Street State/ProvCity ZIP/Postal Code Country First Contact Phone DiveCust

SLIDE 30IS Fall 2002 Diveshop Entities: DEST Destination name Destination no Avg Temp (F) Spring Temp (F) Avg Temp (C) Summer Temp (C) Summer Temp (F) Travel Cost Winter Temp (C) Fall Temp (F) Fall Temp (C) Dest Winter Temp (F) Accommodations Body of Water Night Life Spring Temp (C)

SLIDE 31IS Fall 2002 Diveshop Entities: BIOLIFE Category Species no Common Name Length (cm) Species Name Length (in) Notes external Graphic external BioLife

SLIDE 32IS Fall 2002 Diveshop Entities: SHIPWRCK Site no Ship Name Category InterestTypeTonnage Length (ft) Beam (m) Beam (ft) Length (m) Shipwrck Cause Comments external Date Sunk Passengers/ Crew Graphic external Survivors Condition

SLIDE 33IS Fall 2002 Diveshop Entities: DIVESTOK Description Item No Equipment Class Reorder Point On HandCost Sale Price DiveStok Rental Price

SLIDE 34IS Fall 2002 Diveshop Entities: DIVEORDS Customer No Order no Sale Date Ship Via Destination CCExpDate CCNumber Payment Method DiveOrds No of People Vacation Cost Return Date Depart Date

SLIDE 35IS Fall 2002 Diveshop Entities: DIVEITEM Item no Order no Rental/ Sale Qty Line Note DiveItem

SLIDE 36IS Fall 2002 Diveshop Entities: BIOSITE Species No Site No BioSite

SLIDE 37IS Fall 2002 Diveshop Entities: SHIPVIA Ship Via Ship Cost ShipVia

SLIDE 38IS Fall 2002 DiveShop ER Diagram Customer No ShipVia Dest Sites BioSite ShipVia ShipWrck BioLife DiveStok DiveItem DiveOrds DiveCust Customer No ShipVia Order No Order No Item No Item No Destination Name Destination Species No Site No Destination no Site No Destination no Species No Site No /n 1 1 n n n n n n n n 1

SLIDE 39IS Fall 2002 Assignment 1 (also online) How many tons was the sunken ship Delaware? What is customer Karen Ng’s address? At what destinations and sites might you find a Spotted Eagle Ray? Where (what destination) is the site Palancar Reef? What sites might Lorraine Vega dive on her trip? Keith Lucas wants to see a shipwreck on his trip. Is he going to the right place? What equipment is Richard Denning getting? What is the cost of the equipment rental for Louis Jazdzewski

SLIDE 40IS Fall 2002 Assignment 1: cont. The Database is available on the course web site Download your own copy For each of the questions create a query in Access. Create a document (Word, etc.) containing –The query being answered –The results of your query cut and pasted from Access Due Tuesday Sept. 10