Signal Transduction Pathways

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Presentation transcript:

Signal Transduction Pathways An introduction to Information metabolism Chapter 15 Stryer Biochemistry

Signal Transduction 1) Membrane receptors transfer information 2) Second messengers relay information from the receptor ligand complex. 3) Protein phosphorylation is a common means of information transfer

Second messengers

Second messengers

Second messengers

Second messengers

Protein Phosphorylation

7TM helix receptors The 7TM helix receptors change conformation upon binding of ligand and activate a G-Protein Rhodopsin Β-adrenergenic receptor

Activated G-Protein transmits signal by binding to other proteins G-Protein binding to adenylate cyclase increases the catalytic efficiency of the adenylate cyclase and increases the synthesis of cAMP inside the cell

G-Proteins spontaneously reset themselves Resetting the G-Protein

Receptor resetting

cAMP stimulates the phosphorylation of many target proteins by activating PKA 1) Glycogen metabolism 2) Expression of specific genes (CREB) 3) Synaptic transmission Serotonin binds to a 7TM helix receptor cAMP activates PKA PKA facilitates the closing of K channels by phosphorylation

Hydrolysis of Phosphatidyl inositol Bisphosphate

What are the biocehmical effects of IP3? IP3 causes the rapid release of Ca from intracellular stores (ER, SR) Causes smooth muscle contration Glycogen breakdown Vesicle release

Diacylglycerol activates PKC

Ca Ion is a ubiquitous cytosolic messenger

Ca activates the regulatory protein Calmodulin

Regulation of Calmodulin of Calmodulin kinase

Receptor dimerisation

JAK phosphorylates STAT5

Some receptors contain a tyrosine kinase domain within their covalent structures

Defects in signaling pathways can lead to cancer and other diseases

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