Mr. Cesaire Martin Van Buren High School Unit 4 Chapter 2 Minerals Mr. Cesaire Martin Van Buren High School

Aim: What is a mineral? Do Now: Open to page 96 of the Earth Science TEXT book and define mineral and write down the characteristics of a mineral in your notes: HW: Read pages 47 to 51. Answer questions 1-8 on page 52. WRITE OUT ALL QUESTIONS! We will have a weekly quiz based on reading assignments in UPCO. Quiz will be based on pages 47 to 51.

Minerals What is a mineral? Defined as a naturally occurring inorganic solid substance. Where do we find minerals in our environment? Minerals are commonly found in rocks, soils, and sand.

Minerals Where else in our homes do we find minerals? Watches Clocks Pencils Glassware

Read page 97 of your text and write down the ways minerals are formed in your notes.

Mineral Formation How do minerals form? Minerals are formed by crystallization: 1. Cooling and solidification of magma. 2. From water- evaporation, chemical reactions and temperature changes 3. Minerals subject to change due to heat and pressure.

Common Minerals The back of our reference tables contains information for common rock forming minerals. What are some information do the reference tables tell us about minerals?

Describe the physical and visual properties of Biotite.

Potassium Feldspar Describe the properties of Potassium Feldspar.

Halite Describe the properties of halite.

Aim: How are minerals identified? Do now: Use the reference tables and answer the following set of questions. HW: . Quiz on Wednesday. The characteristics of a mineral and the ways to identify them

Mineral Identification How do we identify minerals? Minerals are identified by their physical and chemical properties. Experienced geologists can easily identify and classify minerals out in the field. They have achieved this ability through careful observations of the minerals physical properties.

Open up to page 104 of your text book and glance through pages 104 to 107 and list and write a short sentence on the ways minerals are identified in your notes.

Mineral Identification Geologists use the following to help identify minerals: 1. Color- the apparent color of the mineral 2. Luster- Luster refers to how light reflects off the surface of a mineral 3. Streak- The streak refers to the powder left by the mineral when applied to a hard surface. 4. Hardness- The hardness of a mineral is referred as the resistance to being scratched. 5. Cleavage- Cleavage refers to how minerals break along parallel planes. 6. Specific gravity 7. Chemical Tests

Color Color: When observing a mineral, the first thing that we notice is its color. The color may give us clues to what type of mineral we are looking at. However you can not go on color alone Let’s look at two examples: Quartz and Calcite

Color Notice how quartz is similar in color. Some minerals may have the same color, so we use other characteristics. http://www.sci.ccny.cuny.edu/~kblock/minerals/quartz.jpg http://www.sci.ccny.cuny.edu/~kblock/minerals/calcite.jpg

Color Quartz can appear in three colors: Rose, Clear, Smokey http://www.pitt.edu/~cejones/GeoImages/1Minerals/1IgneousMineralz/Quartz/Quartz_3Types.jpg

Luster Galena-Metallic Sulfur- Nonmetallic http://resourcescommittee.house.gov/subcommittees/emr/usgsweb/photogallery/thumbnails/Sulfur_jpg.jpg Galena-Metallic http://resourcescommittee.house.gov/subcommittees/emr/usgsweb/photogallery/images/Galena%202_jpg.jpg

Streak Notice the streak or powder left by galena Each mineral has a distinctive streak. http://www.visualsunlimited.com/images/watermarked/311/311404.jpg

Cleavage http://www.sci.ccny.cuny.edu/~kblock/minerals/calcite.jpg http://www.geology.sfasu.edu/minerals/galena01.jpg

Cleavage Potassium Feldspar